关于Which that 指代问题

kimwang53

看过http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... hlight=That%2Bwhich这个帖子之后产生了一些疑问。
that跟which不同，which前有介宾结构是必须跳跃修饰前面核心词而不是修饰紧邻的名词。that是既可以修饰核心词也可以修饰紧邻的名词，更强调的是逻辑上的关系。这样感觉会出现模糊不清指代不明啊，which必须跳过介宾结构修饰核心词、修饰核心词而不是整个句子目的不就是为了避免这些问题吗，为什么which要求这么严格而that就不这么要求了呢？

thanks in advance

kimwang53

下面是那篇帖子里在关于whose跳跃修饰后面的

------------------------

GWD26-Q24

According to United States census data, while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home.

A.[font=]while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home.

B.[font=]there were about one-third of mothers with young children who worked outside the home in 1975; in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home

C.[font=]in 1975 about one-third of mothers with young children worked outside the home; in 2000, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home

D.[font=]even though in 1975 there were about one-third of mothers with young children who worked outside the home, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in 2000

E.[font=]with about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in 2000

答案为C，D错在who worked outside 修饰children逻辑错误

-------------------

为什么这里有with介宾结构who却没跳跃？

kimwang53

这种例子太多了，到底什么时候对什么时候错呢，再举一个白勇语法第三章48题。

Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.

A:
D:seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging.
E:seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung.

答案是D。解释说D的非限定性定语从句与其逻辑修饰对象monkeys被隔离墙，只能就近修饰branches。

这不是with介宾结构吗。。咋就被隔离了

bejamin1111

这个可以这么理解，非限制性定语关系代词一般指代最近的名词，但是可能根据后面成分如主语或者谓语判断是否是所谓的跳跃修饰；如在下面这个句子中，
seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung.
这里关系代词后面用词是arms and legs，肯定指代的是一个复数名词，而whose之前的复数名词有branches和monkeys，所以知道branches的嫌疑很大。
但如果这个句子修改成这样：
seen monkeys sleeping on the branch, whose arms and legs have hung.
那么whose指代的就是monkey了..
希望可以帮到你

kimwang53

bejamin1111 发表于 2013-4-12 08:48
这个可以这么理解，非限制性定语关系代词一般指代最近的名词，但是可能根据后面成分如主语或者谓语判断是否 ...

谢谢xd，说的很有道理！不过还是有一个疑问，arms and legs本来就是成双成对的，手脚胳膊腿都是俩，是不是应该就是复数形式呢..

bejamin1111

kimwang53 发表于 2013-4-12 11:17
谢谢xd，说的很有道理！不过还是有一个疑问，arms and legs本来就是成双成对的，手脚胳膊腿都是俩，是不 ...

我觉得指代首先是单纯形式与数的一致，根据这一点确认好指代对象后
再用句子意思去确认是不是符合逻辑，符合那指代就ok。不符合那这个选项也就是incorrect

kimwang53

bejamin1111 发表于 2013-4-12 14:26
我觉得指代首先是单纯形式与数的一致，根据这一点确认好指代对象后
再用句子意思去确认是不是符合逻辑， ...

懂了！谢谢皮特哥

bejamin1111

kimwang53 发表于 2013-4-12 18:34
懂了！谢谢皮特哥

共同进步！

xixixiKitty

ron说过 noun1+prep+noun2, which 结构中 which可以指代noun1 or noun2, depend on the context.