求助 S, v-ing, V. + O.

sinrayzhao

在刷OG12 各题考点，

105. Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives,
capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world.
(A) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives,
(B) In her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, Beatrix Potter
(C) In her book illustrations, which she carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter
(D) Carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatri Potter, in her book illustrations
(E) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinated them with her narratives and

C 没有问题， 但是对 解释有点疑问 ，

B中 关于夹心修饰 (by aeoluseros)：
所以歧义修饰，是因为引发了不同的理解，而并不是语法上是否会有不同的修饰，所谓夹心修饰也是这个原则。很多人对“夹心修饰”都有过一个误解，认为S, v-ing, V. + O.结构中，v-ing既可以往前修饰S，也可以往后修饰V就是夹心，而实际上夹心并不是“可以往前修饰S，也可以往后修饰V” 。在S, v-ing, V. + O.这样的表达中，v-ing约定俗成只伴随修饰动词，（重点！！）见下例：
prep 2-104 The yield per acre of coffee berries varies enormously, because a single tree, depending on its size and on climate and altitude, is able to produce enough berries to make between one and twelve pounds of dried beans a year.
这个句子里depending不能改为dependent，因为depending和dependent的区别在于，前者伴随修饰谓语动词is able to produce，后者则是修饰名词single tree，会造成逻辑上不对 —— “一棵树依靠它的size”。

但是 Og21  这里面应该是做 定语。

21. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.

谁能解释一下这种结构 到底是 做定语还是 做状语，还是说要根据逻辑意思来 判断。

kiwifoodtown

LZ!! Ving+done 结构只能做状语，不可做定语，21题这里是时间状语，不是定语。

sinrayzhao

你确定?
我贴全了吧还是, 这是从elroy 笔记摘得，只是想确认一下，到底是做什么成分．

21. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
(A) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are
(B) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
(C) Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
(D) Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
(E) Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,

思路：
A :bingo ; having dong 被逗号隔开后可以作定语修饰名词，无逗号不行； 需要清晰的看清两句的因果关系， 通过having amassed ,导致了Neuroscientists are now drawing。Having done发生在主句动作之前 ；如果产生了时间断层，绝对不可能伴随动作。【也应注意，出现过去和现在的情况，重点肯定是在现在的情况上】

.B选项，having…只是一个形容词性的部分，没有和and are相对应的第一个并列的谓语; ；over the past twenty years 错误的修饰了adults

C选项，同B，没有和and are并列的动词； over the past twenty years 错误的修饰了adults；

D选项now drawing在这里不能做伴随，出现了时间断层；不可能变积累知识，边归纳结论。肯定是积累了一定的知识以后归纳出来的结论，在过去十年积累知识给以后作铺垫 ; 不能做状语，那只能作定语 ，在这里可能做了adulthood的定语 ，不合逻辑  ;此外主从交换，改变了原句强调的重心

E ：have amassed 这个动作发生在 over the past twenty years ,are drawing 发生在now ,出现了时间断层，不可能一个是另一个的伴随；谓语是完成时态，那么既然已经完成了，drawing就无法再做其的伴随，所以只剩下做定语的功能，作adulthood的定语； 状语over the past twenty years 位置笨拙，要么提到句首去，要么像 A一样 ；
总结：
此题如果把A选项的 having 放在主句之后，错误！ 因为这里是做定于，而不是表伴随状语！！
1.现在分词在句尾用逗号隔开，必须要注意的一点是这个结构从来都没有失去过“做定语”的功能，只是优先做状语而已，即优先修饰到前面主句的主语和谓语。
2.【, V-ing】小结：                                                                          
A)逻辑主语=句子主语，此时表伴随动作                                                
B)逻辑主语=主句全句，此时表结果状语                                                
C)前方为主系表结构，不表伴随、不表结果，只是对前句的补充说明      
如果产生了时间断层，绝对不可能伴随动作。【也应注意，出现过去和现在的情况，重点肯定是在现在的情况上】
3.having done短语中所表达的内容发生在主句动作之前
4.When having done 结构一定错错，因为不应该有 when。单是 Having done 就够了。Have 有很多地方与正牌动词不同，When 后就不能用 having 了。原因是 having done 是过去，而 when 是当时，所以有冲突。

kiwifoodtown

你确定?
我贴全了吧还是, 这是从elroy 笔记摘得，只是想确认一下，到底是做什么成分．

21. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
(A) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are
(B) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
(C) Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
(D) Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
(E) Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,

思路：
A :bingo ; having dong 被逗号隔开后可以作定语修饰名词，无逗号不行； 需要清晰的看清两句的因果关系， 通过having amassed ,导致了Neuroscientists are now drawing。Having done发生在主句动作之前 ；如果产生了时间断层，绝对不可能伴随动作。【也应注意，出现过去和现在的情况，重点肯定是在现在的情况上】

.B选项，having…只是一个形容词性的部分，没有和and are相对应的第一个并列的谓语; ；over the past twenty years 错误的修饰了adults

C选项，同B，没有和and are并列的动词； over the past twenty years 错误的修饰了adults；

D选项now drawing在这里不能做伴随，出现了时间断层；不可能变积累知识，边归纳结论。肯定是积累了一定的知识以后归纳出来的结论，在过去十年积累知识给以后作铺垫 ; 不能做状语，那只能作定语 ，在这里可能做了adulthood的定语 ，不合逻辑  ;此外主从交换，改变了原句强调的重心

E ：have amassed 这个动作发生在 over the past twenty years ,are drawing 发生在now ,出现了时间断层，不可能一个是另一个的伴随；谓语是完成时态，那么既然已经完成了，drawing就无法再做其的伴随，所以只剩下做定语的功能，作adulthood的定语； 状语over the past twenty years 位置笨拙，要么提到句首去，要么像 A一样 ；
总结：
此题如果把A选项的 having 放在主句之后，错误！ 因为这里是做定于，而不是表伴随状语！！
1.现在分词在句尾用逗号隔开，必须要注意的一点是这个结构从来都没有失去过“做定语”的功能，只是优先做状语而已，即优先修饰到前面主句的主语和谓语。
2.【, V-ing】小结：                                                                          
A)逻辑主语=句子主语，此时表伴随动作                                                
B)逻辑主语=主句全句，此时表结果状语                                                
C)前方为主系表结构，不表伴随、不表结果，只是对前句的补充说明      
如果产生了时间断层，绝对不可能伴随动作。【也应注意，出现过去和现在的情况，重点肯定是在现在的情况上】
3.having done短语中所表达的内容发生在主句动作之前
4.When having done 结构一定错错，因为不应该有 when。单是 Having done 就够了。Have 有很多地方与正牌动词不同，When 后就不能用 having 了。原因是 having done 是过去，而 when 是当时，所以有冲突。

-- by 会员 sinrayzhao (2012/12/18 5:39:48)

真能打字啊，可是你忘了这里是 having done 不同于doing，英语的语法规定having done不能作定语，只能作状语，原因就是它和主句动作时间不一致，无法同步修饰名词。我可以很负责的告诉你，任何一本英语语法书都会明确的告诉你这一点。

小小依婕

having done 打了逗号 是状语啊~~~~~~！！！！