prep08-190提问和解释整理（关于some，each等等语言点

lalapiao

190.(26333-!-item-!-188;#058&001956)

The thirteen original British colonies in North America, some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter that set forth its form of government and the rights of the colonists.

A. some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter（正确）

B. some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all of which had written charters

C. some that formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, all had written charters

D. with some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all had a written charter

E. with some formed as commercial ventures, while others as religious havens, each had a written charter
本人对于这道题抱有很大的疑问，在这里把前人们的问题和解答写下来，供大家参考和拍砖，顺便帮我看看有没有错误。
参考的网站有bat大神给过的http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/thirteen-colonies-t7407.html  和manhattan还有prep 08解析，当然还有亲爱的cd前人们提问和回答过的~~~！！！
对于A选项的解释：The thirteen original British colonies in North America, some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter that set forth its form of government and the rights of the colonists.

粉紫色部分作为插入语，对于colonies进行解释说明。
为什么这两个插入语中间没有连接词只有逗号？：you've added two modifiers to this - in a way that's rather unusual, but certainly legitimate - so this is not a run-on.（这是manhattan网站上的解释）不过可以推论出：两个主句用逗号隔开没有连接词是run-on sentence，这是绝对错误。两个modifiers用逗号隔开写在一起是错的，但不能视为绝对错误。（欢迎纠正！！）
.some可以单独用吗？manhattan中subgroup modifiers当中有写到 修饰大团体的一部分时，
应选用：名词,some of which were ...; 名词，some of them... ； 名词，some... ;问2：在这里的some是同位语吗？求助解答~~~
不可以用的结构有： N, of which some were.... ; N. some of them which were... ; N. some of which(无were）...some可以用 sanam(any, none, all more.most, many each either neither half one 或其他 number or pronouns that picks out a subgroup 替换）
而且，prep解析当中也有写到some...,others...是固定结构。

继续。。。对于句子的解释可以忽略插入语部分。就成了The thirteen original British colonies in North America。。。each had a written charter that set forth its form of government and the rights of the colonists.这里north america为单数，一个整体，因此each不能指代它，只有
collonies。
each：
单复数情况： each n.+动词（单数）---与n.的单复数无关，这个很熟悉； each of n.(复数）+动词（单数）； 然而！ 主语+each+v.时，each对于动词的单复数没有影响，也就是说以名词的单复数为准。如：they each are great tennis players.
为什么要用its？由上句蓝色部分可判断出，若指代colonies，its应该改为their，而这里只能解释为its指代的是north america。
刚好这道题在manhattan网站上有人提出：The thirteen original British colonies in North America each had a written charter that set forth its form of government and the rights of the colonists.
The colonies each - plural
Each of the colonies - singular Therefore, doesnt it refer to "North America" and not to "the colonies each"
对此staff给出的回答：You're precisely right. The rule you cite--also cited on page 41 of our SC guide--is one violated here in the OA.
I won't say that I've never seen that rule breached by an expert user, but I am surprised to see it breached on the GMAT. I'll forward this to our curriculum committee.
如果有人可以提供个解释，欢迎拍砖指导！！
另外，
some的单复数判断：sanam(some,any,none,all,more/most)的单复数问题要看后面的具体内容而定，而里面只提到了sanam+of sth.的单复数要看sth的单复数而定，如money时，用单数；documents时，用复数）有个例外，就是none+of+复数名词时，后面加单复数动词都可以。
对于B的解释：由于本人不太赞同its和each的关系，所以是以being和全句缺少谓语动词排除掉的。关于being的解释，我觉得http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-780159-1-1.html?postid=17128880&searchmode=TopicContent&searchtext=the%20thirteen 这位mm解释的很有道理，因为太长不贴上来了。
对于c的解释略
对于D的with： first of all, "with" wrongly suggests that "some" refers not to the colonies themselves but to something that the colonies came with. to suggest that you're referring to the colonies themselves (which you are), you need modifiers of the type used in the correct answer (a).其实感觉说的和prep是一个意思，with后面加的不是colonies的一部分，而是另外附带的东西。
* "while" MUST be used with a clause or participial phrase. it can't be used with a construction that doesn't contain any sort of verb form (such as this one, which is just noun + prepositional phrase).while必须用在有主谓的完整句。

sunyuwei

这里的each是独立主格 楼主可否解释一下为什么不是each having  a written charter？
each形的独立主格，each+v-ed/v-ing，each+介词短语/形容词短语，each+n.+介词短语。这里had是主动，难道不应该是ing形式吗?

jlikel

我想知道为什么that set forth 中的set不用sets，that 难道不是charter的定语从句吗？先行词 charter是单数，sets应该用第三人称单数把

iamamj

jlikel 发表于 2016-3-30 16:04
我想知道为什么that set forth 中的set不用sets，that 难道不是charter的定语从句吗？先行词 charter是单数 ...

Either could work, depending on context.

我也有一样的疑问，烦了半天mahattan找到了Ron大神的解释：
其实就是set不是动词复数形式，而是过去式

If the charter no longer exists, then you need the past tense (first one).

If the charter still exists (in its physical form), then the distinction depends on the author's emphasis.
- If the message is "Here's how things worked back then"”but that's history, and things work differently now", then the author will use the past tense (set).
- If the message as "Even though this document is no longer in force, you can go to the National Archives and look at it"”and here's what it says", then the author will use the present tense (sets).

jlikel

iamamj 发表于 2016-8-10 12:52
Either could work, depending on context.

我也有一样的疑问，烦了半天mahattan找到了Ron大神的解释：

谢谢！