曼哈顿语法几个小问题，希望G友帮我解答一下，不胜感激。

陶然异面直线

1、  there be 不是满足就近原则么？
文中：
There ARE a young man and an old woman at the bus stop.
CD上面说的是：当there be A or B或者 there be A,B才满足就近原则，想问一下是否是真的，我第一眼看到这个就想到的是就近原则，觉得原句用的IS才是对的。这种是应该看成倒装么？
2、  Non-essential是名词和修饰之间打逗号，Essential是无逗号的。
例如：This mansion, WHICH HAS BEEN RECENTLY PAINTED RED, is owned by Celes.
     This mansion THAT HAS BEEN RECENTLY PAINTED RED is owned by Celes.
这个只想问问这两个术语被称为什么？第二句的that是不能换做which吗？
3、  看这个句子：I scored three goals in yesterday’s game, as did Sandy.为什么后面要倒装而不是as Sandy did啊？
4、  WRONG: Our cars were designed to inspire envy, and they ARE.
         RIGHT: Our cars were designed to inspire envy, and they DO.
这个判断是因为do inspire，所以用do，但是如果ARE换成WERE对不对？从were designed来考虑= =