为什么没有人提问这个问题呢？og13-102yellow jackets

lalapiao

Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world’s social wasps, wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of females—the queen and her sterile female workers.

(A) wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of

(B) wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of

(C) which means they live in a highly cooperative and organized society, almost all

(D) which means that their society is highly cooperative, organized, and it is almost entirely

(E) living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized, and it consistsof almost all
问题：C中的almost all females为什么不可以成为society的同位语呢？og解释中是说它修饰对象unclear，但是根据touch rule 它就是修饰society，到底为什么almost all females 会错呢？？？？？求各位帮帮忙！！！

lalapiao

拜托拜托拜托啊~~~~~~~

xohe赵

首先你不能见一个名词接一个名词你就说是appositive.首先你得看这个能不能符合逻辑意思塞。在这里很明显，前面是社会后面是females。社会不是females

这里说的unclear what almost all females describles 的意思是，单独的整个名词在这里。悬空的 ，依据美帝国主义的语感，后面应该接点动词啥的····应该是这个意思。不对的话 请指教

lalapiao

unclear那个我是同意的，但我也不是很确定。对了，还有一个，就是同位语如果在句末，记得是说要修饰整个句子的。
那归纳下，就是同位语后面没有接着动词，而且是修饰最后一个名词，所以错误。。
还有，本来迷糊的，你这么一说，我就清楚了。
同位语，就定义为 A，B（B为A的同位语的意思即是说;B是A.这样够清晰，，你帮我看看有没有错，
谢谢你的回复~~

xohe赵

unclear那个我是同意的，但我也不是很确定。对了，还有一个，就是同位语如果在句末，记得是说要修饰整个句子的。
那归纳下，就是同位语后面没有接着动词，而且是修饰最后一个名词，所以错误。。
还有，本来迷糊的，你这么一说，我就清楚了。
同位语，就定义为 A，B（B为A的同位语的意思即是说;B是A.这样够清晰，，你帮我看看有没有错，
谢谢你的回复~~

-- by 会员 lalapiao (2012/11/29 17:11:19)

但是a phenomenon这个是个例外，是归纳的前面的整个现象···不是修饰前面那个名词

yiqing2012

C选项which和they都有问题，就不说了~~
这里根据就近原则，almost all females偏向于做society的同位语，但是语义上说不通：社会大部分是雌蜂。。。
所以可以做theworld’s social wasps的同位语（which从句和almost all females都是修饰wasps的）~所以OG上说修饰unclear~~
ps:同位语后面不能接动词，会变成run-on的~

lalapiao

就是两个独立句之间没有连词的那个么？记不清了。。
我想我和sohe想到的应该是要有从句跟着，不是谓语宾语直接跟上的那种。

yiqing2012

就是两个独立句之间没有连词的那个么？记不清了。。
我想我和sohe想到的应该是要有从句跟着，不是谓语宾语直接跟上的那种。

-- by 会员 lalapiao (2012/11/29 20:38:23)

同位语可以有n,n+that..,也可以有n,n，这个不是split点。。。
关于修饰unclear，这里语义上显然是要修饰wasps的，但是语法上更倾向于修饰society~

abjure

同位语有两种　ｆｒｏｍ　ｒｏｎ
COMMA + ABSTRACT NOUN is allowed to stand for the ENTIRE IDEA OF THE PRECEDING CLAUSE.

examples:

the coach tried to put 5 receivers on the line, a strategy that failed.
--> here, "a strategy" (an ABSTRACT noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of putting 5 receivers on the line.

X observed large concentrations of metals in the sediments, findings consistent with...
in this case, "findings" (an abstract noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of observing large concentrations of blah blah blah.

etc.

on the other hand,
COMMA + CONCRETE NOUN usually stands for the DIRECTLY PRECEDING NOUN.

compare:
i went to the bar with john smith, a consultant in los angeles.
here, "a consultant" (a CONCRETE noun) refers ONLY to "john smith" (the preceding noun).

i went to the bar with john smith, an excursion that was much more fun than working all night.
here, "an excursion" (an ABSTRACT noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of going to the bar with john smith.

lalapiao

同位语有两种　ｆｒｏｍ　ｒｏｎ
COMMA + ABSTRACT NOUN is allowed to stand for the ENTIRE IDEA OF THE PRECEDING CLAUSE.

examples:

the coach tried to put 5 receivers on the line, a strategy that failed.
--> here, "a strategy" (an ABSTRACT noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of putting 5 receivers on the line.

X observed large concentrations of metals in the sediments, findings consistent with...
in this case, "findings" (an abstract noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of observing large concentrations of blah blah blah.

etc.

on the other hand,
COMMA + CONCRETE NOUN usually stands for the DIRECTLY PRECEDING NOUN.

compare:
i went to the bar with john smith, a consultant in los angeles.
here, "a consultant" (a CONCRETE noun) refers ONLY to "john smith" (the preceding noun).

i went to the bar with john smith, an excursion that was much more fun than working all night.
here, "an excursion" (an ABSTRACT noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of going to the bar with john smith.

-- by 会员 abjure (2012/11/30 0:21:29)

很好的解释~~谢谢哈~