OG12-sc-81 not位置 v.s. only位置 平行parallel

liliannechang

81. Recently physicians have determined that stomach ulcers are not caused by stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but a bacterium that dwells in the mucous lining of the stomach.

A. not caused by stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but

B. not caused by stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but are by

C. caused not by stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but by

D. caused not by stress, alcohol, and rich foods, but

E. caused not by stress, alcohol, and rich foods, but are by

问题：
donflake说:这里caused not by  和not caused by  意思是不一样的  楼主可以细细体味下
我个人觉得not的位置对其用法作用和副词only等一样！

例如：

5. Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation’s third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.

A. ranks as the nation’s third leading cause of death, surpassed only

B. rank as the nation’s third leading cause of death, only surpassed

C. has the rank of the nation’s third leading cause of death, only surpassedwordy

D. Are the nation’s third leading causes of death, surpassed only

E. Have been ranked as the nation’s third leading causes of death, only surpassed

CD上摘的讨论如下：
1)Only X like Y. (Poor Y, 除了X, Nobody likes Y)

X only like Y.(X除了喜欢Y以外, 没喜欢的东东了)

X like only Y.(Y is indeed happy;X 就只.喜欢Y 一个.)

2)Dis surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.

意思是说仅仅只有心脏病和癌症超越了（也就是说心脏病和癌症是最主要的两个原因）

D is only surpassed by heart disease and cancer.

意思是说超越的内容只有心脏病和癌症（没有说明心脏病和癌症是最主要的两个原因，只是说明超越了这两个原因而已）

OG: Only is placed with precision next to the group of words it actually limits, by heart disease and cancer. Placed before surpassed, only would more ambiguously limit surpassed.

OG: Only is placed with precision next to the group of words it actually limits, by heart disease and cancer. Placed before surpassed, only would more ambiguously limit surpassed.

CD上摘的讨论如下：
1)Only X like Y. (Poor Y, 除了X, Nobody likes Y)

X only like Y.(X除了喜欢Y以外, 没喜欢的东东了)

X like only Y.(Y is indeed happy;X 就只.喜欢Y 一个.)

2)Dis surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.

意思是说仅仅只有心脏病和癌症超越了（也就是说心脏病和癌症是最主要的两个原因）

D is only surpassed by heart disease and cancer.

意思是说超越的内容只有心脏病和癌症（没有说明心脏病和癌症是最主要的两个原因，只是说明超越了这两个原因而已）

OG: Only is placed with precision next to the group of words it actually limits, by heart disease and cancer. Placed before surpassed, only would more ambiguously limit surpassed.

OG: Only is placed with precision next to the group of words it actually limits, by heart disease and cancer. Placed before surpassed, only would more ambiguously limit surpassed.

DUKB24

yep

your thinking is absolutely right


that is actually a good point supposed to receive more discussion and attention

liliannechang

thanks for your comments!

Eeeehong

在动词前面加上not的，是对该动词否定；而在后面的不定式加上not的，是对不定式的内容否定，没有对谓语进行否定

例：stomach ulcers are not caused by stress, alcohol, or rich foods
这句话的含义是“通过压力、酒精、食物，胃溃疡并没有导致”（对“caused”动词进行否定，说明根本没有胃溃疡发生这件事）
stomach ulcers are caused not by stress, alcohol, or rich foods
这句话的含义是“胃溃疡的导致，不是因为压力、酒精、食物”（对后面的因素进行否定，说明胃溃疡发生了，但是原因比并不是以上的因素）

例： the motion picture was not first developed to entertain，表明的含义是“最先开始没有发展”
the motion picture was first developed not to entertain，表明的含义是“最先开始发展了，但是发展的目的不是为了娱乐”

以上为个人理解~