PREP08 Q24 求解

xuyuanwai

Hi,

以下是第24道题：

The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.



(A) merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

(B) as merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from examining tools found in Germany, which include

(C) as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes

(D) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes

(E) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

我有2个疑问：
1. 按照以前的很多讲解，B的which和C的that都应该修饰Germany。
2. 如何断定including在这里修饰tools，以前很多讲解都说这样有歧义，有可能修饰主句的动词。

谢谢大侠出手相救！

cxroger

1，我的理解是像found in Germany, 20 years ago 这种描述状态或时间的短语，有时候是可以略过的。当然tools 紧跟which 是最好的，但是都没有的话，which放后面也是可以接受的。
2，Ving，一般是修饰主句主语的，如果用including,那么就会变成The new image of Stone Age people including（includes） three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.
不符合逻辑，所以错误。
Ving 放句末还有一种情况是修饰整个句子，这里也不符合逻辑，所以也是错误的。

jeffery2541

1·B/C中的which和that都是可以跳跃的情况。当然名词修饰语要求遵循touch rule，但是当被修饰名词与修饰成分间有“必须存在的成分”时，which和that就能跳跃这些成分，继续修饰名词。这样的“必须存在的成分”一般都是一些修饰成分。

2·这个including是介词，最后是一个介宾短语，作用还是名词修饰语。从意思上就能得知including修饰的是tools。

xuyuanwai

谢谢解答。有些题目感觉很恶心了。。。