求问有关引述的时态问题

feathsea8

OG 13 第一题 In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.

A) Psychologists,declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,     B) Psychologists,declaring that most of the studies failed in not controling for such variables like social class and family size, and C) Psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,
D) Psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social class and family size,  
E) psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,  

E是正选，文中关于D选项的错误提到，英文中一旦对前一个动词使用过去式，那么后一个描述同一个事物或事件的动词也要使用过去式。所以E中使用declared 那么 后面使用had failed to 就是正确的，而不能是fail 。这里我理解为，前一个动词使用过去式表示事情发生在过去，所以后续描述同样的时间的动词也是在过去的情境下，所以必须是过去式。


OG 13 第3条，即OG 12 的第二题：
Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally under way, many economists say that  without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.


(A) have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally
(B) raised hopes for there being a recovery finally
(C) had raised hopes for a recovery finally being
(D) has raised hopes that a recovery is finally
(E) raised hopes for a recovery finally

正选是D， 我的疑问是，按照前一题的理论，虽然正选没有用过去式，而用的是has raised, 但也是表明事情发生在过去的某一个不确定的时间，那么这个hopes 也应该是过去的，为什么是is finally ,而不是was finally呢？
还请各位不吝赐教啊~~~

feathsea8

自己顶啊自己顶~

yakev6

请参照manhattan第七章Tense Sequence

直接引语- Scientist:    “The supercollider IS ready, it DID not COST too much, and it WILL PROVIDE new insights into the workings of the universe.”
间接引语- Report:    The scientist ANNOUNCED that the supercollider WAS ready, that it HAD not COST too much, and that it WOULD PROVIDE new insights into the workings of the universe.
n these sorts of reporting sentences, avoid mixing Present tense with Conditional tense. Likewise, avoid mixing Past tense with Future tense. The usual sequences are EITHER Present + Future OR Past + Conditional.


Right:    The scientist BELIEVES that the machine WILL BE wonderful.
                         Present                                 Future
Right:    The scientist BELIEVED that the machine WOULD BE wonderful.
                         Past                                      Conditional
Wrong:    The scientist BELIEVES that the machine WOULD BE wonderful.
                         Present                                  Conditional
Wrong:    The scientist BELIEVED that the machine WILL BE wonderful.
                         Past                                       Future
不过第三个例子也有例外.以下来自于ron的解释
* if we are actually talking about an event that has not occurred yet -- i.e., an event that is genuinely in the future -- then we should usually use “will”.
in ancient times, the mayans predicted that the world will end in the year that corresponds to A.D. 2012 on the modern gregorian calendar.
(2012 has not happened yet, so we still use the future tense for the prediction -- even though the prediction was made a really, really long time ago)

feathsea8

THX~~尤其是RON的那个补充~~

lsfmail

以前的一个老帖子，看了解释还是不懂，OG13-3还是应该was finally，有人看懂解释的吗？

已经应该是第四个列子  Past                                       Future有列外。