（弄完了，发上来才能安心睡啊！！！）关于V-ing搭配逗号出现的研究---也就是我们总提起的doing啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊

ntguilty

ding

非同反想

fighting! never give up

asriver

谢谢

kiwifoodtown

看后面的内容之前，先读一下OG中出现过的逗号和V-ing结合出现的句子，体会一下其中的意思，感知一下不同。




OG12中含有被逗号分隔开的V-ing的句子：
16.Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.
21.Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
23.Once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, the discus used in track competition is now lined with lead around the perimeter, thereby improving stability in flight and resulting in longer throws.
25.Using accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, "the good goddess".
28.Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation of other wild and domestic resources.
30.For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
36.Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to draw a soldier's pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve.
47.Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer, bringing to 34 the number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975.
61.Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement, the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete.
65.In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Crops of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, absorbing the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches.
67.Affording strategic proximity to the Strait Gibraltar, Morocco was also of interest to the French throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumed that without it their trip on Algeria would never be secure.
73.Combining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence, the Neanderthals appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their path, but their relatively sudden disappearance during the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environmental change led to their extinction.
78.Fossils of the arm of a sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have been dated at 34 million years old, making the sloth the earliest known mammal on the Greater Antilles Islands.
94.The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system, leading to a 55 percent increase in delays at airports and prompting fear among some officials that safety is being compromised.
95.The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them；the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is known as "standing waves".
133.Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rate Kemp's ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting adult sea turtles.
135.Spanning more than 50 years, Friedrich Muller's career began in an unpromising apprenticeship as a Sanskrit scholar and culminated in virtually every honor that European governments and learned societies could bestow.




OG13中含有被逗号分隔开的V-ing的句子：
18.Warning that computers in the United States are not secure, the National Academy of Science has urged the nation to revamp computer security procedures, institute new emergency response teams, and create a special nongovernment organization to take charge of computer security planning.
48.Though being called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America’s Lake Superior.
65.Digging in sediments in northern China, scientists have gathered evidence suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than previously thought.
68.Outlining his strategy for nursing the troubled conglomerate (企业，集团) back to health, the chief executive announced plans Wednesday to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months.
69.Affording strategic proximity to the Strait of Gibraltar, Morocco was also of interest to the French throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumed that without it their grip (支配) on Algeria would never be secure.
76.Combining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence, the Neanderthals appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their path, but their relatively sudden disappearance during the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environmental change led to their extinction.
79.Ryunosuke Akutagawa’s knowledge of the literatures of Europe, China, and Japan was instrumental (有帮助的) in his development as a writer, informing (弥漫；激活：It is this brash, backroom sensibility that informs his work as a novelist) both his literary style and the content of his fiction.
81.Fossils of the arm of a sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have been dated at 34 million years old, making the sloth the earliest known mammal on the Greater Antilles Islands.
87.According to scientists who monitored its path, an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, brightening the Northern Lights and possibly knocking out a communications satellite.
133.Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rare Kemp’s ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting adult sea turtles.




逗号和V-ing的结合方式有3种：
I·逗号将V-ing在句中分隔开
II·逗号将句首的V-ing与主句分隔开
III·逗号将句尾的V-ing与主句分隔开
下面按照上面的分类来看一下V-ing的用法：
隐藏内容, 需要回复可见






安心睡去。。。

---

今天又看到prep上一个题目，不知道大家怎么理解？
133.In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars.
(A) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle
(B) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter and circling
(C) most of them at least as large as Jupiter, circling
(D) mostly at least as large as Jupiter, which circle（C）
(E) mostly as large or larger than Jupiter, circling
我的理解是这个circling，不是状语成分，而是名词（most of them）的修饰语：句尾独立主格在逻辑层次上对应完整的主谓，句尾的独立主格对应的完整主谓其实就是“most of the detected massive planets are at least as large as Jupiter, circling other stars.”，其中circling修饰planets，符合3中a）所述。

-- by 会员 jeffery2541 (2012/9/14 0:55:37)

谢谢总结，不过circling虽然不做状语，但也不是什么独立主格，它就是跟在more than 80 massive planets后面做宾补的。他们之间被most of them at least as large as Jupiter插入语用逗号分开了。
这题不复杂，别过多理解，它主要考察at least as large as是不是最简练的用法。

渐渐向西行

非常感谢

jeffery2541

嗯嗯嗯~谢谢再次指明~之前讨论过的，只是忘了修改。感谢~

看后面的内容之前，先读一下OG中出现过的逗号和V-ing结合出现的句子，体会一下其中的意思，感知一下不同。




OG12中含有被逗号分隔开的V-ing的句子：
16.Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.
21.Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
23.Once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, the discus used in track competition is now lined with lead around the perimeter, thereby improving stability in flight and resulting in longer throws.
25.Using accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, "the good goddess".
28.Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation of other wild and domestic resources.
30.For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
36.Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to draw a soldier's pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve.
47.Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer, bringing to 34 the number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975.
61.Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement, the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete.
65.In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Crops of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, absorbing the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches.
67.Affording strategic proximity to the Strait Gibraltar, Morocco was also of interest to the French throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumed that without it their trip on Algeria would never be secure.
73.Combining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence, the Neanderthals appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their path, but their relatively sudden disappearance during the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environmental change led to their extinction.
78.Fossils of the arm of a sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have been dated at 34 million years old, making the sloth the earliest known mammal on the Greater Antilles Islands.
94.The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system, leading to a 55 percent increase in delays at airports and prompting fear among some officials that safety is being compromised.
95.The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them；the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is known as "standing waves".
133.Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rate Kemp's ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting adult sea turtles.
135.Spanning more than 50 years, Friedrich Muller's career began in an unpromising apprenticeship as a Sanskrit scholar and culminated in virtually every honor that European governments and learned societies could bestow.




OG13中含有被逗号分隔开的V-ing的句子：
18.Warning that computers in the United States are not secure, the National Academy of Science has urged the nation to revamp computer security procedures, institute new emergency response teams, and create a special nongovernment organization to take charge of computer security planning.
48.Though being called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America’s Lake Superior.
65.Digging in sediments in northern China, scientists have gathered evidence suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than previously thought.
68.Outlining his strategy for nursing the troubled conglomerate (企业，集团) back to health, the chief executive announced plans Wednesday to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months.
69.Affording strategic proximity to the Strait of Gibraltar, Morocco was also of interest to the French throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumed that without it their grip (支配) on Algeria would never be secure.
76.Combining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence, the Neanderthals appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their path, but their relatively sudden disappearance during the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environmental change led to their extinction.
79.Ryunosuke Akutagawa’s knowledge of the literatures of Europe, China, and Japan was instrumental (有帮助的) in his development as a writer, informing (弥漫；激活：It is this brash, backroom sensibility that informs his work as a novelist) both his literary style and the content of his fiction.
81.Fossils of the arm of a sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have been dated at 34 million years old, making the sloth the earliest known mammal on the Greater Antilles Islands.
87.According to scientists who monitored its path, an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, brightening the Northern Lights and possibly knocking out a communications satellite.
133.Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rare Kemp’s ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting adult sea turtles.




逗号和V-ing的结合方式有3种：
I·逗号将V-ing在句中分隔开
II·逗号将句首的V-ing与主句分隔开
III·逗号将句尾的V-ing与主句分隔开
下面按照上面的分类来看一下V-ing的用法：
隐藏内容, 需要回复可见






安心睡去。。。

---

今天又看到prep上一个题目，不知道大家怎么理解？
133.In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars.
(A) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle
(B) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter and circling
(C) most of them at least as large as Jupiter, circling
(D) mostly at least as large as Jupiter, which circle（C）
(E) mostly as large or larger than Jupiter, circling
我的理解是这个circling，不是状语成分，而是名词（most of them）的修饰语：句尾独立主格在逻辑层次上对应完整的主谓，句尾的独立主格对应的完整主谓其实就是“most of the detected massive planets are at least as large as Jupiter, circling other stars.”，其中circling修饰planets，符合3中a）所述。

-- by 会员 jeffery2541 (2012/9/14 0:55:37)

谢谢总结，不过circling虽然不做状语，但也不是什么独立主格，它就是跟在more than 80 massive planets后面做宾补的。他们之间被most of them at least as large as Jupiter插入语用逗号分开了。
这题不复杂，别过多理解，它主要考察at least as large as是不是最简练的用法。

-- by 会员 kiwifoodtown (2012/9/28 14:54:48)

jeffery2541

急求这个啊！！！

-- by 会员 kenneth531 (2012/9/18 23:22:26)

jeffery2541

非常感谢

-- by 会员 渐渐向西行 (2012/9/29 7:56:07)

Missy萌

jeffery2541

-- by 会员 Missy萌 (2012/9/29 11:07:19)