关于“what引导主语从句的主谓一致”的一点理解

MiaZhang

之前一直记得是，what引导主语从句，谓语用单数，但是今天看了08Prep语法笔记后发现还是有点复杂的。。。

166.The period when the great painted caves at Lascaux and Altamira were occupied by Upper Paleolithic peoples has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are the use to which primitive peoples put the caves, the reason for their decoration, and the meaning of the magnificently depicted animals.
A. has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are
B. have been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are
C. have been established by carbon dating, but that which is much more difficult to determine is
D. has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine is
E. are established by carbon dating, but that which is much more difficult to determine is

语法笔记的解答有这么一段话：
1.what引导的名词性从句中从句谓语动词的单复数情况：
what后面“什么时候用单数,什么时候用复数”根据动词后面的名词的单复数来定.

2.what引导的名词性从句做主语时，主句谓语动词的单复数情况：
(1)What在从句中做主语，主句谓语由what从句的谓语决定。
What is difficult to understand is A.
What are difficult to understand are A and B.
(2)what在从句中做宾语，主句谓语由主句表语/宾语决定what they want are XX,XX&XX。
What his father left him are a few English books.

也就是说，what引导主语从句，主句的主谓一致，不一定要用is，而是what后面用啥主句就用啥: what is... is... /what are...are...
而what从句中的主谓一致，位于的单复数则需要根据主句动词后面名词单复数来决定
所以，结合以上两点才会有 What are difficult to understand are A and B

在第二条规则里的后两个例子中，what they want are A, B, and C. what his father left him are ...books. 个人感觉应该是倒装，把宾语提前了

liuziyin

那determine后面不是并列了三个很难决定的东西吗？这三个东西不就是主句，所以谓语动词应该用ARE。从而what后面的谓语动词应该与主句的一致，所以用what are。可是为什么这题全用的是IS。我从来没有见过what are的例子。

请NN们帮忙解答下！谢谢啦

MiaZhang

那determine后面不是并列了三个很难决定的东西吗？这三个东西不就是主句，所以谓语动词应该用ARE。从而what后面的谓语动词应该与主句的一致，所以用what are。可是为什么这题全用的是IS。我从来没有见过what are的例子。

请NN们帮忙解答下！谢谢啦

-- by 会员 liuziyin (2012/10/22 6:42:23)

后面并列的三个部分是use的定语，use to which...

kiwifoodtown

之前一直记得是，what引导主语从句，谓语用单数，但是今天看了08Prep语法笔记后发现还是有点复杂的。。。

166.The period when the great painted caves at Lascaux and Altamira were occupied by Upper Paleolithic peoples has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are the use to which primitive peoples put the caves, the reason for their decoration, and the meaning of the magnificently depicted animals.
A. has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are
B. have been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are
C. have been established by carbon dating, but that which is much more difficult to determine is
D. has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine is
E. are established by carbon dating, but that which is much more difficult to determine is

语法笔记的解答有这么一段话：
1.what引导的名词性从句中从句谓语动词的单复数情况：
what后面“什么时候用单数,什么时候用复数”根据动词后面的名词的单复数来定.

2.what引导的名词性从句做主语时，主句谓语动词的单复数情况：
(1)What在从句中做主语，主句谓语由what从句的谓语决定。
What is difficult to understand is A.
What are difficult to understand are A and B.
(2)what在从句中做宾语，主句谓语由主句表语/宾语决定what they want are XX,XX&XX。
What his father left him are a few English books.

也就是说，what引导主语从句，主句的主谓一致，不一定要用is，而是what后面用啥主句就用啥: what is... is... /what are...are...
而what从句中的主谓一致，位于的单复数则需要根据主句动词后面名词单复数来决定
所以，结合以上两点才会有 What are difficult to understand are A and B

在第二条规则里的后两个例子中，what they want are A, B, and C. what his father left him are ...books. 个人感觉应该是倒装，把宾语提前了

-- by 会员 MiaZhang (2012/8/21 17:04:54)

不太明白LZ的意思，为什么说这两个例子是宾语提前呢？我感觉这两句表达很正常啊，没倒装。

MiaZhang

之前一直记得是，what引导主语从句，谓语用单数，但是今天看了08Prep语法笔记后发现还是有点复杂的。。。

166.The period when the great painted caves at Lascaux and Altamira were occupied by Upper Paleolithic peoples has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are the use to which primitive peoples put the caves, the reason for their decoration, and the meaning of the magnificently depicted animals.
A. has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are
B. have been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are
C. have been established by carbon dating, but that which is much more difficult to determine is
D. has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine is
E. are established by carbon dating, but that which is much more difficult to determine is

语法笔记的解答有这么一段话：
1.what引导的名词性从句中从句谓语动词的单复数情况：
what后面“什么时候用单数,什么时候用复数”根据动词后面的名词的单复数来定.

2.what引导的名词性从句做主语时，主句谓语动词的单复数情况：
(1)What在从句中做主语，主句谓语由what从句的谓语决定。
What is difficult to understand is A.
What are difficult to understand areA and B.
(2)what在从句中做宾语，主句谓语由主句表语/宾语决定what they want are XX,XX&XX。
What his father left him are a few English books.

也就是说，what引导主语从句，主句的主谓一致，不一定要用is，而是what后面用啥主句就用啥: what is... is... /what are...are...
而what从句中的主谓一致，位于的单复数则需要根据主句动词后面名词单复数来决定
所以，结合以上两点才会有 What are difficult to understand areA and B

在第二条规则里的后两个例子中，what they want are A, B, and C. what his father left him are ...books. 个人感觉应该是倒装，把宾语提前了

-- by 会员 MiaZhang (2012/8/21 17:04:54)

不太明白LZ的意思，为什么说这两个例子是宾语提前呢？我感觉这两句表达很正常啊，没倒装。

-- by 会员 kiwifoodtown (2012/10/22 9:39:45)

今天正好又看到Prep08中的这个题了。。。这个帖子是我很久之前发的。。。
what his father left him are...book     what they want are A, B, and C
what分别作为left和want的宾语，提前了

MiaZhang

好吧。。。今天又纠结了一下这个what的问题。。。看到了08Prep笔记中166题后面关于what的标示，我表示相当晕。。。
不过在CD上看到一篇帖子，http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-351580-1-1.html
里面AlienX大神总结的很多what的句子。

到最后，我感觉：还是忽略Prep08笔记上这一段描述吧。。。
这个帖子最初是lz试图对这段话的解释，这段话的最终源泉是白勇的GMAT语法笔记。但是貌似GMAT中不会出现这么复杂的判断。而且求证各帖子后，lz发现，白勇语法的可信度确实还是有限的

关于what，只要是what引导的主语从句，主句句子中，谓语就跟单数；what也可以引导宾语从句，做动词的宾语或者介词的宾语

what从句内的主谓一致，取决于what从句中真正地主语。
如果what在从句中做主语：从句要是主谓宾结构，就用单数动词作谓语；what从句是主系表结构的，就看表语名词的单复数了
如果what在从句中作宾语，从句谓语就取决于真正的主语了

不知道这样理解是否正确，小心求证~~

jansonx

把复杂的问题简单化，看这个吧：http://magoosh.com/gmat/2012/substantive-clauses-on-the-gmat/

（连接来自 http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... &fromuid=928194 ， 赞一个）

youngwoo

但是这样的话
166.The period ... but what is much more difficult to determine are the use to which primitive peoples put the caves, the reason for their decoration, and the meaning of the magnificently depicted animals.
这不就是are A, B and C么 这样的话为什么不是 what are much more difficult to determine are A B, and C. 这样D选项也不对啊

Classy17

The subject of the quoted clause is the short clause "what is much more difficult to determine". On the GMAT, always regard a clause as singular when it is the subject of another clause. This means that you should choose "is" rather than "are" for this sentence.

Similarly, "what happens in Vegas" is a clause, and hence a singular subject in the following correct sentences:

"What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas."
"What happens in Vegas is gambling and drinking."

不喜欢乱起名字

感谢分享！