gwd 12-17

linxi8389

Q17:

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.

which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing

which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing

which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of

including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing

including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of

D is not correct, in my opinion.  limits can be only linked to to and off . And including seems to be able to modify population.

open to question

stellate

本来原句用which带从句无可厚非，但这道题明显考的是平行结构：

doing, doing,and doing. 所以establishment 改成 establishing.

5个选项里只有D、E是establishing，排除其他三个。

两个选项中E项也明显不平衡，如果一眼看还看不出来，分析一下三个平行成分。除了应该是doing之外，其他两个成分还都是doing+O(逻辑宾语）。所以establishing后面也应该直接跟逻辑宾语。E项的establishing of limits是个名词成分，不具有动名词的特征，因此也没带逻辑宾语，与其他两句不平行。

D项的limits是名词 for的用法是 establishing n. for sth "为sth设定什么东西。"跟limit带什么介词无关。

including不是修饰population的，这里是分词作主语同位语，主语是a number of remedies。including修饰的是主语。

Putman

同意2楼,

Which 首先被我排除,因为ETS 的which的就近修饰原则, 它只能指shark population.

Choose D.

Why there are so few people discuss this question. Is everyone accept the answer B? Wondering......

zhuzhu_1979

以下是引用Putman在2004-10-28 2:31:00的发言：

同意2楼,

Which 首先被我排除,因为ETS 的which的就近修饰原则, 它只能指shark population.

Choose D.

Why there are so few people discuss this question. Is everyone accept the answer B? Wondering......

Definitely the answer is D not B.

瑜珑

以下是引用stellate在2004-10-21 19:05:00的发言：

本来原句用which带从句无可厚非，但这道题明显考的是平行结构：

doing, doing,and doing. 所以establishment 改成 establishing.

5个选项里只有D、E是establishing，排除其他三个。

两个选项中E项也明显不平衡，如果一眼看还看不出来，分析一下三个平行成分。除了应该是doing之外，其他两个成分还都是doing+O(逻辑宾语）。所以establishing后面也应该直接跟逻辑宾语。E项的establishing of limits是个名词成分，不具有动名词的特征，因此也没带逻辑宾语，与其他两句不平行。

D项的limits是名词 for的用法是 establishing n. for sth "为sth设定什么东西。"跟limit带什么介词无关。

including不是修饰population的，这里是分词作主语同位语，主语是a number of remedies。including修饰的是主语。

完全同意你的看法

瑜珑

以下是引用Putman在2004-10-28 2:31:00的发言：

同意2楼,

Which 首先被我排除,因为ETS 的which的就近修饰原则, 它只能指shark population.

Choose D.

Why there are so few people discuss this question. Is everyone accept the answer B? Wondering......

关于你对which的总结，建议你看一下本套的18题,

westlakegz

以下是引用瑜珑在2004-12-3 11:24:00的发言：

关于你对which的总结，建议你看一下本套的18题,

不是很懂这句话，我看了本套的18题，但没有发现which的总结

华籍美人

which一般是就近修饰原则，除非谓语的单复数表明了可以跳跃修饰（如本套的31题就是跳跃修饰），which是不可以修饰句子的，只能用分词表示伴随状况。

jerrold0023

Agree with upstair.

coffemug

Absolute D.  补 充 一 点, 查 了 LONGMAN:

Cathe - noun 意 思 之 一 是 :

[C] the amount of fish that has been caught

所 以 这道 题 shark cathes 比 sharks that can be caught (in B)或 sharks that are caught (in E) 要 好。

更 加 坚 定 了 选 D 的 决 心 。