求教-ing 逻辑主语判断

linshenzi

排版不是很好，大家见谅哈~
In an effort to reduce the number of fires started by cigarettes, a major tobacco company is test-marketing a cigarette in which thin layers of extra paper are used to decrease the amount of oxygen entering the cigarette, thereby slowing the rate at which it burns and lowering the heat it generates.

A.in which thin layers of extra paper are used to decrease the amount of oxygen entering the cigarette, thereby slowing
B.in which they use thin layers of extra paper in decreasing the amount of oxygen entering the cigarette, which slows
C.that uses thin layers of extra paper to decrease the amount of oxygen when it enters the cigarette, thereby slowing
D.for which thin layers of extra paper are used to decrease the amount of oxygen that enters the cigarette, and thereby slowing
E.using thin layers of extra paper in decreasing the amount of oxygen entering the cigarette, which slows2.
Socially and environmentally responsible investing is on the rise: last year in the United States, over $2 trillion was invested in funds that screen companies according to a variety of criteria such as adherence to labor standards, protection of the environment, and observance of human rights.


A.according to a variety of criteria such as
B.according to a variety of such criteria, as by
C.according to such a variety of criteria as by
D.in accordance with such a variety of criteria as
E.in accordance with a variety of criteria, such as by请问下第一题的using跟第二题的according逻辑主语有啥差别么~在选第二题的时候俺判断了according逻辑主语不对直接就排除了。。结果悲剧~

jeffery2541

prep上的讲解，楼主看看吧~
2.According to 与 In accordance with的区别：
首先：According to是介词。两者的含义及句子示例，如下：
In accordance with
This expression emphasises the rule, principle, law etc, which is followed, and which states what should happen. This is shown in the following citations:
1.    The Commission insists that these funds must be spent in accordance with all the Community's most sacred environmental principles, to say nothing of its legislation.
2.    Last month, the bank's management submitted a detailed plan for making changes in accordance with the review's findings.
3.    The court may in accordance with law grant a dissolution of the marriage provided that the court is satisfied that adequate and proper provision will be made for any dependant spouse and for any child.
4.    Existing Sidewinders follow a preset path with the help of sets of rigid fins, at the front and back, that alter position in accordance with instructions from an on-board computer.
5.    The UN's peace plan rests on Mr Rabbani's willingness to relinquish office next month in accordance with one of the many peace pacts he has concluded.
6.    If such a question arises for the first time in a lawsuit, the judge will have to decide the meaning in accordance with the recognized rules of interpretation, and his decision will be a binding authority for all future cases in which the same question arises.
According to
This expression emphasises the basis for doing something, or for believing something:
7.    Air pollution is growing worse in Britain, according to the latest set of detailed statistics compiled by the Department of the Environment.
8.    Our Galaxy contains at least 100 million black holes, according to calculations by a Dutch astrophysicist.
9.    Most organochlorine pollution in the Baltic is declining, according to a joint study by scientists at Ehime University in Japan and the University of Gdansk in Poland.
10.    According to Alkenbrecher, Binning's theory is that true creativity is a result of disordered thoughts.
11.    Each of the 10,000 most common words in English is ranked according to its frequency in everyday use.
12.    Japanese oil tankers constructed according to a modern design with high-tensile steel have been    recalled for emergency repairs to cracks.
Notice that there is some overlap between the two expressions: so 11 and 12 could equally as well have been written (因为11，12也是一个rule):
13. Each of the 10,000 most common words in English is ranked in accordance with its frequency in everyday use.
14. Japanese oil tankers constructed in accordance with a modern design with high-tensile steel have been recalled for emergency repairs to cracks.
区别：
根据XX号文规定，应该怎样怎样，我们一开始都写：According to Circular ***
公司请了两个老外editor，专门帮我们挑报告中不规范的英语用法。然后老外就向我们提出来说，这个地方要用In accordance with，不能用according to。他们的理由是，according to 后面要跟法规的具体内容，而如果单说是根据什么什么法规，就要用in accordance with。
总结：
看 according to 一般要连更为具体的内容，通常放在句首，或者句中作插入语，根据目前的Gmat题，不需要逻辑一致。

jeffery2541

第一个题中的using是cigarette的后置定语。。。

linshenzi

感谢大神

jeffery2541

感谢大神

-- by 会员 linshenzi (2012/7/13 13:29:25)

感谢编写prep笔记的大神吧~~