OG总结发现的几道问题

francislucy

马上二战，今天看OG第3遍，发现以下几道题在看答案解释的时候不太明白了，希望坛子里的NN们解释一下：5、 In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the
Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for
cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled bv
tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so
that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus
was growing on the walls.

(A)due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which
raised its humidity to such levels so that salt
from the stone was crystallizing

(B)due to moisture that tourists had exhaled,
thereby raising its humidity to such levels that
salt from the stone would crystallize

(C)because tourists were exhaling moisture, which
had raised the humidity within them to levels
such that salt from the stone would crystallize

(D)because of moisture that was exhaled by
tourists raising the humidity within them to levels
so high as to make the salt from the stone
crystallize

(E)because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised
the humidity within them to such levels that salt
from the stone was crystallizing

Agreement; Parallelism

The plural subject chambers requires plural
pronouns. The sentence explains a causal sequence:
visitors' breath introduced moisture that caused
salt to crystallize, which caused the chambers to
be closed for cleaning and repair. The phrase due to
makes this causal sequence somewhat ambiguous,
seeming to suggest that the repairs were due to
humidity from visitors' breath.

ADue to is an imprecise expression of the
causal connection between the tourists'
breath and the closing of the museum for
cleaning; the singular pronoun its does not
agree with the plural antecedent chambers.

BIt is not at all clear what the reference is for
the pronoun its; fungus was growing should
be parallel to salt... was crystallizing (not
would crystallize) because it is another effect
of the humidity.

CThe pronoun them seems to refer to tourists,
which is nonsensical; the entire construction
is awkward and wordy; would crystallize is
not parallel to was growing.

DOnce again, them seems to refer to tourists;
the entire construction is awkward, wordy,
and ambiguous; crystallize is not parallel to
was growing.

ECorrect. The causal sequence is clear, and
them clearly refers to chambers.

The correct answer is E.
这道题的D里them可能会指代tourists；E中them就是对的，但是从修饰的角度看them的位置是一样的呀，代词指代这里非常糊涂，求解释！！

第二道：8. The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the
universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty
billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.

(A)that the universe began in an explosive instant
ten to twenty billion years ago and has been
expanding

(B)that the universe had begun in an explosive
instant ten to twenty billion years ago and had
been expanding

(C)that the beginning of the universe was an
explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago
that has expanded

(D)the beginning of the universe to have been an
explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago
that is expanding

(E)the universe to have begun in an explosive
instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has
been expanding

Logical predication; Verb form

The sentence describes the central tenet of a
theory about how the universe began. The focus
of the second clause should be consistently on
the subject the universe, and all verbs in the clause
beginning with that must describe what the
universe did at the initial explosive moment.

ACorrect. Both verbs in the second clause
correctly take universe as their subject.

BHad begun is the wrong tense because it

describes action that occurred farther in the
past than some other, specified past action.

CThe relative clause that has expanded

describes instant, which makes no sense.

D The beginning of the universe to have been ... is
unnecessarily indirect and wordy; illogically
suggests that beginning is expanding, not the
universe.

EThe verb phrases to have begun and has been
expanding both reference the same subject of
the clause, universe, and therefore need to be
parallel.

The correct answer is A.

修饰的问题，that从句在C和D中的修饰对象为什么不同了？还是说that ……expand可能又能修饰instant又能修饰beginning又能修饰explosive？
求解释！！


第三道：
Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong
electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on
the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
the Sun's poles or equator.

(A)are visible as dark spots on the surface of the
Sun but have never been sighted on

(B)are visible as dark spots that never have been
sighted on the surface of the Sun

(0appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots
although never sighted at

(D)appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun,
although never having been sighted at

(E)appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface,
which have never been sighted on

Logical predication; Parallelism

The correct parallel structure in the original
sentence emphasizes the contrast between where
sunspots are found (are visible ... Sun) and where
they are not (have never been sighted... equator).
Sunspots is the subject of the sentence; are is the
verb of the first part of the contrast, and have been
sighted is the verb of the second. (The adjective
visible is a complement and is parallel to the past
participle sighted) Both parts of the sentence
conclude with phrases indicating location. The
contrast itself is indicated by the conjunction but.

ACorrect. This sentence clearly and correctly
draws a contrast between where sunspots are
found and where they are not.

BThe modifying clause that never... Sun
distorts the meaning of the sentence; also,
without punctuation, the phrase on the
surface of the Sun the Sun's poles or equator is
ungrammatical and makes no sense.

C Although typically introduces a subordinate
clause, which has a subject and a verb, but
here there is no subject and sighted is not a
complete verb.

DAlthough usually introduces a subordinate
clause, but there is no subject of the clause
and having been sighted is not a complete verb
phrase.

EThis phrasing makes the sentence somewhat
awkward and unclear.

although可以引导状语从句，而且如果谓语是be动词，主谓和主句相同，可以省略主语和be动词只留下分词，C中说there is no subject是不是因为although前面没逗号？


  第四道：
39.In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to
Queen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn.

(A)so as to marry

(B)and so could be married to

(C)to be married to

(D)so that he could marry

(E)in order that he would marry

Grammatical construction; Idiom

This sentence should use the construction x
happened so thaty could happen; so introduces a
clause of purpose, explaining the reason for the
action in the main clause. Henry... sought to have
his marriage... annulled so that he could marry Anne
Boleyn. The relationship between the two clauses
is clear.

BThis alternative is ungrammatical and

illogical: Henry could not marry simply on
the basis of seeking an annulment.

        这个解释让我疑惑的原因是，我觉得其他几个选项也能用它解释……况且have……annulled的目的不就是marry别人吗？这个句子越读越糊涂了，求解释……

暂时就先这几题，其他的继续更新……

8. The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the
universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty
billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.

(A)that the universe began in an explosive instant
ten to twenty billion years ago and has been
expanding

(B)that the universe had begun in an explosive
instant ten to twenty billion years ago and had
been expanding

(C)that the beginning of the universe was an
explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago
that has expanded

(D)the beginning of the universe to have been an
explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago
that is expanding

(E)the universe to have begun in an explosive
instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has
been expanding

Logical predication; Verb form

The sentence describes the central tenet of a
theory about how the universe began. The focus
of the second clause should be consistently on
the subject the universe, and all verbs in the clause
beginning with that must describe what the
universe did at the initial explosive moment.

ACorrect. Both verbs in the second clause
correctly take universe as their subject.

BHad begun is the wrong tense because it

describes action that occurred farther in the
past than some other, specified past action.

CThe relative clause that has expanded

describes instant, which makes no sense.

D The beginning of the universe to have been ... is
unnecessarily indirect and wordy; illogically
suggests that beginning is expanding, not the
universe.

EThe verb phrases to have begun and has been
expanding both reference the same subject of
the clause, universe, and therefore need to be
parallel.

The correct answer is A.

修饰的问题，that从句在C和D中的修饰对象为什么不同了？还是说that ……expand可能又能修饰instant又能修饰beginning又能修饰explosive？
求解释！！


第三道：
Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong
electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on
the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
the Sun's poles or equator.

(A)are visible as dark spots on the surface of the
Sun but have never been sighted on

(B)are visible as dark spots that never have been
sighted on the surface of the Sun

(0appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots
although never sighted at

(D)appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun,
although never having been sighted at

(E)appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface,
which have never been sighted on

Logical predication; Parallelism

The correct parallel structure in the original
sentence emphasizes the contrast between where
sunspots are found (are visible ... Sun) and where
they are not (have never been sighted... equator).
Sunspots is the subject of the sentence; are is the
verb of the first part of the contrast, and have been
sighted is the verb of the second. (The adjective
visible is a complement and is parallel to the past
participle sighted) Both parts of the sentence
conclude with phrases indicating location. The
contrast itself is indicated by the conjunction but.

ACorrect. This sentence clearly and correctly
draws a contrast between where sunspots are
found and where they are not.

BThe modifying clause that never... Sun
distorts the meaning of the sentence; also,
without punctuation, the phrase on the
surface of the Sun the Sun's poles or equator is
ungrammatical and makes no sense.

C Although typically introduces a subordinate
clause, which has a subject and a verb, but
here there is no subject and sighted is not a
complete verb.

DAlthough usually introduces a subordinate
clause, but there is no subject of the clause
and having been sighted is not a complete verb
phrase.

EThis phrasing makes the sentence somewhat
awkward and unclear.

although可以引导状语从句，而且如果谓语是be动词，主谓和主句相同，可以省略主语和be动词只留下分词，C中说there is no subject是不是因为although前面没逗号？


  第四道：
39.In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to
Queen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn.

(A)so as to marry

(B)and so could be married to

(C)to be married to

(D)so that he could marry

(E)in order that he would marry

Grammatical construction; Idiom

This sentence should use the construction x
happened so thaty could happen; so introduces a
clause of purpose, explaining the reason for the
action in the main clause. Henry... sought to have
his marriage... annulled so that he could marry Anne
Boleyn. The relationship between the two clauses
is clear.

BThis alternative is ungrammatical and

illogical: Henry could not marry simply on
the basis of seeking an annulment.

        这个解释让我疑惑的原因是，我觉得其他几个选项也能用它解释……况且have……annulled的目的不就是marry别人吗？这个句子越读越糊涂了，求解释……

暂时就先这几题，其他的继续更新……