it/they 指代

wangjieava23

引用的牛牛寂静：
"代词不一定是就近指代（但过远一定不好），通常代词指代对象的查找顺序为：
(1) 主从句中：先指代主语的核心词，再指代宾语或表语的核心词，最后指代修饰语中的名词。
(2) 并列句中：有2个或3个句子并列，第2个或第3个句子中的代词应该优先指代第1句中主句的名词"

that, those：  those 是that的复数形式，但这两个词需要必须在后面跟名词的。比如，

Wrong：that suggests ......
Right: that result suggests....

同时， that/those 不能变单复数指代。比如，前面是 book, 后面就不许出现 those books. 这个时候，需要直接写出books.


95.The Peaks of a mountain range, acting like in a streambed, produceripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughsthat remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is known as "standing waves."
指代同层次主句主语

106.  Marconi conceived of the radioas a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.
指代并列句宾语。

Congress is debating a bill requiring certain employers to provide workers with unpaid leave so that they can care for sick or newborn children. 就近原则。

101 Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient troubles or misunderstand them when they do appear. 对称原则

PREP The four-million-year-old fossilized skeleton known as Lucyis so small compared with many other skeletons presumed to be of the same species that some paleontologists have argued that Lucy represents a different line. 修饰部分出现的内容，后面出现的时候再次写出，而不是用代词。

The best way to extract the flavor from saffron threads is to soak them in liquid after prounding them with mortar.
就近指代。

wangjieava23

看到这段话，我又激动了。

Sometimes, the best way to deal with a pronoun problem is to eliminate pronouns, as we have seen. For instance, at the end of a long sentence, a pronoun such as it or them might inevitably have ambiguous antecedents, no matter how you try to recast the sentence.

   Wrong: After roasting the deer, the hunter extinguished the fire and then searched for a tree to hang IT from.

From the sense of the words, we know that the hunter intends to hang the deer, not the fire. But it could in theory refer to the fire, so we have a classic case of antecedent ambiguity that we must fix.

Repeating the antecedent noun is always an option, if not necessarily the most elegant.

Right: After roasting the deer, the hunter extinguished the fire and then searched for a tree to hang THE DEER from.

It is often smoother-and much more GMAT-like-to use a generic synonym for the antecedent than to repeat the noun exactly. Such a synonym stands in for the antecedent and functions just like a pronoun, but with none of the drawbacks. The synonym is often more general than the antecedent, which refers to an example of the generic synonym.

看来GMAT很喜欢用generic synonym
下面这SC题的正确句子。

In 1981 children in the Unted States spend slightly less than 2.5 hours a week doing household chores; by 1997 THAT FIGURE had grown to nearly 6 hours a week.

That figure 就是slightly less than 2.5 hours a week的generic synonym.

hhhhhhazel

好棒~~~~

dxrrr

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mstudyingsc

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