摘录“比较”类题型的易错题，来自PREP新老版和OG12

单调唱

几道我曾经写错的题，今天看了下，还是很容易错，贴出来大家测测自己比较结构掌握的怎么样了？答案跟在每个题后面，回复后就可见答案和解析，解析均来自CD上的资料。参考资料：ChaseDream GMATPrep2008 语法笔记 V 2.02和PREP破解版语法注释分析2007816

36. (26371-!-item-!-188;#058&002614)
Thomas Eakins's powerful style and his choices of subject--the advances in modern surgery, the discipline of sport, the strains of individuals in tension with society or even with themselves—was as disturbing to his own time as it is compelling for ours.
(A) was as disturbing to his own time as it is
(B) were as disturbing to his own time as they are
(C) has been as disturbing in his own time as they are
(D) had been as disturbing in his own time as it was
(E) have been as disturbing in his own time as


考点: 主谓一致（Agreement） 比较（Comparison）、动词形式（Verb Form）
1) 主谓一致: 复合主语A and B的谓语动词要用复数
2) 比较的对象要概念对等

(A) was和复合主语style and his choices…主谓不一致; it没有指代对象
(B) 正确, were as disturbing to his own time as they are compelling for ours表明是过去的情况和现在的情况相对比, 符合逻辑意思; 比较双方概念对等,两个句子powerful style and his choices were disturbing to his own time和they are compelling for ours进行比较
(C) in his own time表明应该用过去的某一个时态,因此has been现在完成时使用错误
(D) it没有指代; was使用错误,应该使用现在时are表明是过去跟现在相比(his own time… ours)
(E) 现在完成时错误; 该比较结构是句子跟句子进行比较, as compelling for ours不是句子, 因此
比较的对象概念不对等

句子结构: Thomas Eakin’s powerful style and his choices… were as … as…



50. (27159-!-item-!-188;#058&003134)
Many teenagers undergo stress, but results of a recent study indicate that the patterns of stress that girls experience are more likely to result in depression than are those that boys experience.
(A) are those that boys experience
(B) what boys experience
(C) boys' experience would
(D) boys' stress patterns do
(E) stress patterns of boys


考点: 比较（Comparison）
1) 比较双方要对应
平行对称（Parallelism）
2) 比较从句中与比较对象重复的名词通常用that或those代替，要注意逻辑意思及单复数形式。

(A) 正确, those指代前面出现的patterns of stress, that从句修饰those表达清晰;补出助动词are使句
子意思表达清晰无歧意; patterns of stress that girl experience和those that boys experience结构对
称.
(B) 比较对象不对应,比较的前者是patterns,后者是what boys experience.
(C) 比较对象不对应,比较的前者是patterns,后者是boy’s experience; would不能代替are,
(D) do应该改为are
(E) 意思表达不清patterns of boys表达太模糊.缺乏助动词are意思表达模糊,可以理解为,： …are
more likely to result in depression than result in stress patterns of boys；patterns of stress that girls
experience与stress patterns of boys表达方式上不平行。

句子结构: 句子, but results…indicate that the patterns…are more like… than are those….
补充说明:
对于比较结构中是否有必要补充助动词,应以是否会产生歧意为标准.如果不会产生歧意,则可以不补
出助动词,如果会产生歧意,一定要补出助动词.



77. (28689-!-item-!-188;#058&003708)
Scientists have found signs that moving water changed the chemical makeup of the surface of Mars in recent eras, therefore concluding that its crust is harboring up to three times as much water than was previously thought.
(A) eras, therefore concluding that its crust is harboring up to three times as much water than was
(B) eras, therefore concluding that the planet's crust harbors up to three times as much water or more as was
(C) eras and have therefore concluded that the planet's crust harbors up to three times as much water as
(D) eras and they have concluded, therefore, that its crust harbors up to three times as much water, or more, than
(E) eras and concluded, therefore, that the planet's crust is harboring up to three times more water as was


考点: 有效用词（Diction）… 平行对称（Parallelism）…逻辑表达（Logical Predication）…习惯用
语（Idiom）
1) 习惯用法:as…as; more…than
2) GMAT考试中经常出现将相等比较as...as和more...than...形式比较合并在一起写的错误或者故意
复杂化的表示方法;正确表达应该是:as least as great as或者as great as or greater than
3) 并列句主语相同,应该省略重复的主语
4) 在没有明显时间证据的情况下,并列成分尽量使用同一个时态

(A) 从逻辑上看conclude这个动作应该和found这个动作构成因果关系的,平等的两个动作,而不应该
构成主要和次要成分,因此therefore concluding应该改为and therefore have concluded结构跟主句中
的have found构成平等的成分; its指代不清,上一个分句中存在多个单数名词moving water, surface;
as …than结构不符合习惯用法
(B) 错误同A; as much water or more as表达不正确
(C) 正确，Scientists have found…and have therefore concluded结构平行; planet’s crust消除了its
的指代模糊; three times as much as符合习惯用法
(D) its指代不清; as much water, or more, than表达不正确; they重复,应该去掉
(E) 没有时间证据,concluded应该改为现在完成时,跟前一个并列成分使用同一个时态; three times
more water as表达不正确

句子结构: Scientists have found…and have therefore concluded that…



102. (29983-!-item-!-188;#058&004080)
Recent breakthroughs in technology have made it possible that high-definition digital video cameras are able to capture material with a degree of fidelity that nearly compares to 35-millimeter film and to project it digitally in theaters with no resulting loss of image quality.
(A) it possible that high-definition digital video cameras are able to capture material with a degree of fidelity that nearly compares to
(B) it possible to have high-definition digital video cameras that can capture material at a degree of fidelity almost like that with
(C) it possible for high-definition digital video cameras to capture material with a degree of fidelity nearly comparable to that of
(D) possible high-definition digital video cameras that can capture material at a degree of fidelity almost like
(E) possible high-definition digital video cameras able to capture material with a degree of fidelity that nearly compares to that with


句子结构：Recent breakthrough… have made it possible for… to do… and to do…
主语是breakthrough，谓语是have made，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是并列的不定式结构to capture
and to project。

考点：比较、句子结构、逻辑表达、简洁有效
1) 比较-比较对象对等，compare, like等词连接比较相同对象时，要由that或those指代，否则会使比
较对象不对等。
2) 句子结构-it作形式宾语，注意形式宾语的格式及用法，及物动词+it+宾语补语+不定式，动词有find,
deem, make等（详见补充材料1）。
3) 逻辑表达-维持原句强调重心，注意原句使用形式宾语所强调的内容，在本句中make possible的
是cameras to capture material而不是have cameras，不能改变原句的合理重心。
4) 简洁有效，形容词作定语比that引导的定语从句更简洁。

(A) compare to的比较对象成为fidelity与35-millimeter film，不对等。
(B) 第一个that引导定语从句修饰cameras，改变原句强调重心；第二个that的位置不正确，应该置于
almost like前面；介词with应为of，即that(fidelity) of 35-millimeter film。
(C) 正确，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式结构to capture material with a degree of fidelity；
cameras的fidelity与35-millimeter film的fidelity比较。
(D) 缺少形式宾语it；like的比较对象成为fidelity与35-millimeter film，不对等。
(E) 缺少形式宾语it；宾语从句谓语不完整，应为bable to do；that nearly compares to从句修饰fidelity
不及形容词comparable作定语简洁。

补充说明：
1、形式宾语（先行宾语），用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到句子后部去。三种用法：
1）代词不定式
He makes it a rule to give short speeches.
2）代表that引起的从句（that有时省略）
They kept it quiet that he was dead.
3）代表连接代（副）词引起的从句
He soon made it clear why he had asked for a conference.
2、fidelity: noun. the quality of being accurate精确性，准确性



124. (31091-!-item-!-188;#058&004372)
Whereas the use of synthetic fertilizers has greatly expanded agricultural productivity in many parts of the world, an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers may accelerate soil structure deterioration and soil erosion.
(A) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers
(B) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, and if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, it
(C) if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and if used as substitutions for more traditional fertilizers, they
(D) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, while if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, this substitution
(E) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, while their substitution for more traditional fertilizers


句子结构：Wherease…, an increase in their use can create…, and their substitution may…

考点：习惯用语、指代一致、逻辑表达
习惯用语-such as，表示举例时用 such as，而不是用 like。
指代一致，句中出现 it 或 they 时要注意其的代对象是否明确单一，并且符合逻辑意思及原句要表达
的意思。
逻辑表达，不同的连词通常表达不同的含义，原句所使用的连词如果没有逻辑意思上的错误，尽量保
留，以维持原句意思不变。

(A) 正确，such as用以举例；and连接并列的句子。
(B) 用like举例错误，应该用such as；it指代对象不清楚。
(C) 第一个they指代fertilizers作creat serious environmental problems的主语不符合逻辑及原句要表
达的意思，应该是fertilizers的增长引起环境问题，而不是fertilizers本身；第二个they指代对象不清楚。
(D) if substituted…, this substitution…的表达方式啰嗦不简洁；while表达了转折的含义，而原句中由
and连接并列的句子，并没有此含义。
(E) 用like举例错误，应该用such as；while表达了转折的含义，而原句中由and连接并列的句子，并
没有此含义。



142. (32496-!-item-!-188;#058&006253)
According to a 1996 study published in the Journal of Human Resources, Americans of Middle
Eastern descent were twice as likely as was the national average to be self-employed.
(A) as was the national average to be self-employed
(B) as the average American to be self-employed
(C) as the national average that they would be self-employed
(D) to be self-employed than was the average American
(E) that they would be self-employed than was the national average


句子结构：According to…, Americans of… were twice as likely as… to be… 比较结构。

考点：比较、习惯用语
比较，A as… as… or adj.er than B; A at least as adj.er as B，常见的错误用法有：A as… or adj.er
than B（少 as）; as…as compared to; as… than compared to; as… than 搭配。
习惯用语-likely，be likely to do 或 it +be likely that 从句。

(A) the national average表达不清楚；was可以省略。
(B) 正确，the average American与Americans of …对称，be likely to do。
(C) the national average表达不清楚；be likely that…的正确表达方式是用it作形式主语it+be likely
that…，而不是sth be likely that…；they指代对象不清楚。
(D) as… than搭配错误。
(E) as… than搭配错误；be likely that…的正确表达方式是用it作形式主语it+be likely that…，而不是
sth be likely that…；was可以省略。



181. (27438-!-item-!-188;#058&002362)
The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year.
A. doubling the increase of
B. doubling that of the increase in
C. double as much as the increase of
D. twice as many as the increase in
E. twice as many as the increase of


题目释义： The number… rose sharply…, doubling the increase of…
考点：
1. 伴随状语：doing引导伴随状语或者目的状语
2. 前后句关系平行一致
3. 不可数名词，抽象名词不可用many形容
4. AlienX: "of XXX(年份)"在OG/Prep上常出现, 所以of previous year没问题
(http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-373482-1-1.html):
prep1#245: In no other historical sighting did Halley's comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910-1911.
5. 注意这个题的含义：
不是说：今年的人数(total number)在增长以后，是去年增长人数（increase of the previous year)的两倍。
而是说：今年的增长(increase)是去年(increase)的两倍。
aeoluseros: 这里的double是"make twice as great"(造成两倍的**)的意思，也就是使increase/growth两倍，直译过来就是“今年的人数造成了去年增长人数两倍的增长”. (Explanation from LDOCE: “To become twice as big or twice as much or to make something twice as big or twice as much”)
AlienX: 我觉得doubling the increase of the previous year=使1990年的increase在the increase of the previous year的基础上倍增.
来看另外一个非常像的句子:
P1#242: Retail sales rose 8/10 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter. (7-9月的个人支出造成了前一季度1.4增长量两倍的增长。)
同理, personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter=personal spending in the July-September quarter的growth rate在the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter的基础上倍增.
6. Double和twice都可以直接作为predeterminer(如C,D,E选项)，而doubling中的double是作为及物动词(如A,B选项).
选项分析：
A. Correct；这里的double是"make twice as great"的意思，也就是使increase/growth两倍；present participle结构修饰前面整个分句。
B. That无指代对象，有人说that是指代the number，如果是指代the number的话，是累赘的，所以that并不指向任何成分；the increase in previous year是指previous year的增长(这个逻辑doesn’t make sense)，而不是在previous year增长，应该用the increase of the previous year。
C. double应该改为doubling，这样划线成分才能修饰前面整个分句，double as much as是同位语修饰词(appositive modifier)，要紧接其修饰的内容，在此句子中逗号前不是一个figure，所以不能用double as many as这个结构；即便as much as能成功修饰number也不对，数量应该用great来修饰，见下面补充5。
D. Many用法错误，因为the increase不是一个countable quantity(这里the increase可以看做是一个代词，而它所指代的对象就是前面出现过的内容：the number of the people，而the number of the people是一个表达数量的数字而不是可数名词，所以the increase也不能够用many来修饰)；twice as many as是同位语修饰词(appositive modifier)，要紧接其修饰的内容，在此句子中逗号前不是一个figure，所以不能用twice as many as这个结构，awkward。(见下面知识点补充1)；the increase in previous year错误。
E. Many用法错误，因为the increase不是一个countable quantity(from Manhattan)；twice as many as结构使用错误同上。
知识点补充说明：
1. "twice Y" / "X times Y" can definitely be used as an appositive。
2. 注意doubling the increase of 和 double as much as the increase of是两个完全不同的结构。
3. 关于twice as many/much as结构：
(http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/the-number-of-people-flying-first-t5600.html)
(1) If you say "twice as many", then this construction should be paired with acountable noun.
e.g., twice as many dogs --> "dogs" is a countable noun
(2) If you said "twice as much", then this construction should be paired with anuncountable noun.
e.g., twice as much water --> "water" is an uncountable noun
(3) If the noun in question is already an explicitly numerical quantity, then you should use neither "much" nor "many". Instead, you should just use "twice" or "double" by itself.
e.g., twice the increase --> "increase" is an explicitly numerical quantity
(4) These rules are followed pretty closely.
so, for instance:
twice as much water --> correct, since "water" is an uncountable noun (but is not an explicitly numerical quantity)
twice the water... --> incorrect, since water is not a numerical quantity
twice as much as the increase... --> incorrect; redundant
twice the increase... --> correct
4. 注意不能看到the increase就认定它是不可数的，要用much来修饰，而应该看the increase所指向的东西。
5. 关于numbers与greater和more搭配的另一道题：
OG251. The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970's. .
a) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than
b) extinction; its numbers are now five times more than
c) extinction, their numbers now fivefold what they were
d) extinction, now with fivefold the numbers they had （A）
e) extinction, now with numbers five times greater than
A, the best choice, uses a singular pronoun, its, to refer to the singular antecedent The gyrfalcon, and it properly uses the construction its numbers are now ... greater than. In B, the construction its numbers are ... more is not idiomatic: there are more birds, but not more numbers. Choices C and D use a plural pronoun, their or they, to refer to a grammatically singular antecedent, The gyrfalcon.
Choices D and E wrongly use a phrase introduced by now with to modify The gyrfalcon. In both choices, the phrase confusingly seems to parallel with extinction; a new clause with a present tense verb is needed to state what the gyrfalcon's numbers are now.
6. 关于类似twice as many/much as的结构：appositive modifier（同位语修饰词）。
不仅仅名词，有些形容词也是可以做为appositive modifier的，这种形容词用逗号隔开放在句尾，还是习惯于修饰最近的词语（但是不绝对）。这样的形容词有different from, (double/twice) as many as等。
一道来自Manhattan的模考题：
Antigenic shift refers to the combination of two different strains of influenza; in contrast, antigenic drift refers to the natural mutation of a single strain of influenza.
A. influenza; in contrast, antigenic drift refers to the natural mutation of a single strain of influenza
B. influenza, different than the natural mutation of a single strain, known as antigenic drift
C. influenza, in contrast to the natural mutation of a single strain, known as antigenic drift
D. influenza, different than antigenic drift, which refers to the natural mutation of a single strain of influenza
E. influenza; in contrast to antigenic drift, which refers to the natural mutation of a single strain of influenza
Key: A. 此题里面D选项different than先改为different from。而即便改为different from，也修饰不到Antigenic shift，因为太远了，需要在different from前面加上and is(其他错误暂不考虑)。
不过如果前面的成分比较短，不会引起歧义，这个同位语还是可以跳跃修饰的，比如这个例子：
According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, doubling those reported in the 1977 survey.
(A) doubling those reported in the 1977 survey
(B) to double the number the 1977 survey reported
(C) twice those the 1977 survey reported
(D) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey
(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey
OA：E。其中twice跳跃used cocaine修饰20 percent of young adults.
7. as many可以当一个数目来用。但是如果连接twice这样的倍数，则后面要用as many as，做比较来用。



212. (32918-!-item-!-188;#058&006969) (GWD-10-Q1)
According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas.
A. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice
B. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicing
C. minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing
D. it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan to practice
E. it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to Practice


题目释义：According to…, minority graduates are…four times as likely as…to plan on…
考点：
习惯用语（idiom） 逻辑意思（logical predication）
1. as+adj/adv+as，more than固定搭配：
2. Plan的用法：
plan to do something： He said he planned to write his essay tonight.
plan on doing something： When do you plan on going to Geneva?
plan something： The former president is planning a return to politics.
3. be likely to do 很容易、倾向于做某事。
4. 强调句的结构是：It +be +强调部分+ that (who) + 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用"who"，其余用that。强调句中it无所指。
*：区别强调句型和其他从句的最好方法是“试减法”。也就是说，如果把句子中“It be…that…”这一框架去掉，句子的剩余部分（可以进行位置上的调整）结构完整，意思通顺，合乎逻辑，则that引导的是强调句型，否则为其他从句。例如：It was at nine yesterday that we met the film star.
　　运用“试减法”，此句可改写为：We met the film star at nine yesterday. 显然，句子结构完整，意思通顺，故为强调句型。
选项分析：
A. 主系表结构的比较中，如果是主语比较，系动词要省略，are多余；be likely in doing用法错误，应为be likely to do…
B. who plan on practicing变成定语从句修饰graduates，使得be likely to结构不完整
C. 正确；four times as likely as…和four times more likely than…都是可以的，且含义相同；Be likely to do...使用正确，plan on doing…使用正确
D. 这里是强调句型，It is likely that…句型可以用(OG 10-237)；more…than比较句型不完整，使得minority graduates不知道和谁比，选项这么写minority graduates一定不是和other graduates比，合适的结构应该是it is X times more likely that A will happen than that B will happen，不过更合适的是'A is X times more likely to happen than B’
E. four times as…than…比较结构错误；for minority graduates和other graduates不平行(将than还原为as后即可发现)
补充说明：
1. 关于倍数的表达----by balabaladou7：
白勇《GMAT语法全解》中说过“...times + 形容词/副词比较级 + than.....”属于有争议的结构，因为产生歧义。标准书面语中避免使用此结构。“....times + as+形容词/副词+as" 则常用。
但好像张道真语法上有说:--6道OG例子证明这个两种表达都可以。
five times as...as 和 five times more/greater than...是表达相同的数量概念的.这是英语国家的语言习惯,不能用中文硬翻理解. 张道真语法 P384/页尾注释。
2. as或than引导比较从句中的省略原则----form 白勇语法
1) 比较从句谓语与主句谓语相同，可用do，did，does代替。
2) 比较从句连系动词be与主句连系动词be相同，可以省略be，也可以不省略。
3) 主语谓语动词短语使用“助动词（如have，has，had，will）或情态动词（can，could，may，should）+verb”形式时，比较从句往往省略verb，保留助动词或情态动词。
4) 比较从句的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语相同时，可以全部省去，常常保留做状语的介词短语或状语从句。
5) 比较从句的主语与主句主语相同，可以省略。
3. It is likely that是可以用的，只是需要看清楚这里的it是形式主语还是指代。
4. 关于更多讨论请访问：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-22751-1-1.html



216. (30280-!-item-!-188;#058&005378) (T-3-Q39. ??????? -7-39)
Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than are fungi, in the form of carbon dioxide, and converting it to energy-rich sugars.
A. Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than are fungi,
B. Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than fungi,
C. Plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon,
D. Plants, more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon,
E. Plants acquire carbon more efficiently than fungi,


题目释义：Ps are more efficient than Fs at doing sth., …, and doing sth. …
考点：
比较（comparison） 逻辑意思（logical predication）
1. 比较双方要对等。
选项分析：
A. 后面的in the form of carbon dioxide错误的修饰了fungi；converting应当与acquiring平行
B. Than后面需要补出are，否则有acquiring fungi的歧义；后面的in the form of carbon dioxide错误的修饰了fungi；converting应当与acquiring平行
C. Correct；in the form of carbon dioxide修饰carbon
D. “, more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon,”作为插入语，使得句子没有谓语东西，并且and没有平行对象
E. 比较对象错误会导致carbon与fungi对比的歧义；修饰错误同A
补充说明：
1. OG12-18解释
Logical predication; Grammatical construction
This sentence compares how efficiently plants and fungi acquire carbon and convert it into sugars. The sentence construction needs to make clear that plants and fungi are the two topics being compared, and it must also clarify that in the form of carbon dioxide refers to carbon rather than to either plants or fungi.
A According to the sentence grammar, in the form of carbon dioxide describes fungi, which is nonsensical.
B This sentence claims that plants acquire carbon more efficiently than they acquire fungi, which is also nonsensical; the form of carbon dioxide still modifies fungi.
C Correct. The sentence clearly compares plants to fungi, and in the form of carbon dioxide correctly modifies carbon.
D This sentence is grammatically incomplete; there is no verb for the subject plants.
E As in B, this sentence claims that plants acquire carbon more efficiently than they acquire fungi; it is also grammatically incomplete because and converting does not clearly refer to anything.
The correct answer is C.
2. 关于比较，摘自prep笔记1-128。
比较-主语比较
1. 对主谓宾全的句型主语比较：A do sth than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）。时态要据后定。There be 句型等同于一般的主谓宾俱全的句型。
主语若相同，可省，但助动词不能省。如：
As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, [fewer people] will enter the labor force [in the 1980’s] than (few people省略)did [in the 1960’s and 1970’s], a twenty-year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.
2. 对只有主谓（如果主语有定语成分，必须要that/those来指代），没有宾语的句子，因为没有宾语，只可能有主语比较，因而不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语，所以其比较形式如下：
I eat faster than you.注意与下句区别 I eat apple faster than you do 如果写成 I eat apple faster than you 按GMAC的理解，从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。
3. 主系表结构的比较与主谓结构相同。如果时态不一致，则需补出助词，如：
The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago



238. (26655-!-item-!-188;#058&002088) (GWD-4-4)
A new hair-growth drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, as the drug's maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.
A. as
B. than
C. that
D. of what
E. at which


题目释义：A new drug is being sold for three times the price___the drug’s maker charges…
考点：
句子结构（grammatical construction） 逻辑意思（logical predication） 习惯用语（idiom）
1. times做比较时的用法
1）X times+as+adij./adv.+as
2）X times+the+n.
3）X times more than
3. charger a price for sth：That seaside hotel charges exorbitant prices during the summer holidays.
选项分析：
A. times+the+n.+as是错误用法，应该是times+as+adij./adv.+as，as不能只有单只出现
B. times+the+n.+than是错误用法；than必须要与比较级搭配
C. correct；that指代price引导限定性定语从句，这里“, per milligram,”是个插入语，要用that来连接限定性定从；虽然that在定从中做宾语，但是为了更为清晰地表达后面部分的定从地位that还是应该补出，切不可因为that没有省略就判C错
D. the drug's maker所要charges的东西就是price，所以what就是price，那么price of what就成了price of price，逻辑错误
E. price是charge的直接对象（charge a price），所以不需要再加介词，直接that即可；charge at a price是错的，sell sth. at a price倒是可以的(另外price出现在at后面常表示代价)
补充说明：
一、倍数表达法
1、twice的用法：
twice as many…as; twice as much…as;
twice + n.(可以是代词，比如that); twice + what从句;
*：一个大家常误会的句子：
The farm has more than twice as many cows as it has pigs.: 农场有多于猪两倍多的牛的数量（农场牛的数量比猪的两倍还要多）。（很多人会误读为猪比牛多。）
解读方法：可以类比一下A has B twice as many as C这个比较句型也可以写为A has twice as many B as C. 所以句子的核心是A has B，即：The farm has cows.
详细解读：twice as …as中前一个as是副词，more than twice as修饰many；而as it has pigs中的as自然是个连词，所以后面跟的是一个adverbial clause（状语从句/副词从句），而as…as句型比较特殊，后面的as要与前面as所修饰的内容相呼应，所以as it has pigs应该与前面as所修饰的对象many相呼应，即as it has pigs也是修饰了many。不管怎么说as it has pigs都不是核心成分。这样翻译过来就是农场有牛，相当于两倍多的猪。故，牛多猪少。
2、用动词表达倍数：
double/triple/quadruple/quintuple/sextuple ----》这些动词可以做形容词(double还能做adv, predeterminer)
sth. double sth.; sth. is doubled; sth. double(adj.);
几个永远错误的形式：
(1)produce double； a doubling of; produce a doubling
(2)as much as twice the apples(much与apples矛盾)（要改为twice as many apples as; sth. double sth.）
*：这几个动词可以用主动也可以用被动，但是不能和as搭配;（差不多记住这句话就可以）
3、…times(或数字) as + 形容词或副词+as;
4、sb. be + 百分数 + more likely (to do sth.) than to do sth.(前面的to do 能省，后面的不能省)
如：at least fifty percent less likely than those who are sedentary to die of a heart attack
5、表达倍数用“… times + more +adj.+than，… time as +adj.+as”都正确
6、三类表示倍数的形容词为：twofold, threefold, fourfold, tenfold等。以twofold为例，其意思为two times as much or as many of something。该类词为形容词，多用于构成形容词＋名词的词组，如：a threefold increase in revenue，少用于比较两个事物之间的倍数关系。
二、章振邦语法中介绍的倍数表达法：
i. x times(twice) + the + n. (twice还能做determiner)
ii. x times adj. (比较形式) than
iii. x times as adj. as 注意里面的adj.要和前面的名词匹配
A do x times as adj. … x as B do
iv. x times + what 分句 (名词性从句相当于名词)
v. x-fold
vi. double, triple, quadruple, quintuple, sextuple



185. (26406-!-item-!-188;#058&001926) (GWD-8-Q41)
When drive-ins were at the height of their popularity in the late 1950s, some 4,000 existed in the United States, but today there are less than one-quarter that many
A. there are less than one-quarter that many
B. there are fewer than one-quarter as many
C. there are fewer than one-quarter of that amount
D. the number is less than one-quarter the amount
E. it is less than one-quarter of that amount


题目释义：when drive-ins were…, 4,000 existed in the United States, but today there are fewer than one-quarter as many.
考点：
比较结构，逻辑表达，句子结构
1. 4000这个单独的数字不可能existed in the United States，且数字可以做代词，故4000指代了4000 drive-ins，后面要用复数形式的谓语动词。
2. amount的用法：GMAT里面AMOUNT的用法解释是：amount is for undifferentiated masses such as sand or water，即amount用于修饰不可分割的物体，即修饰不可数名词，因为4000 drive-ins是4000个不同的个体所以that amount不可以修饰4000。另外amount与less搭配
3. 比较。词组：less/fewer than X percent of Y，less或fewer的选用取决于Y是否可数，本题的比较对象是drive-ins。既然全句比较的是可数名词，相应地，需要用are、fewer和many/number等与可数名词复数形式相一致的表述。
4. as many的用法(摘自Longman):
as many=a number that is equal to another number ?表示同样的数字
They say the people of Los Angeles speak 12 languages and teach just as many in the schools.
in as many days/weeks/games etc.
A great trip! We visited five countries in as many days (=in five days).
*: "twice as many", "one-quarter as many", etc.都是非常常见的用法，记住这样的表达。
选项分析:
(A) one quarter加后面的部分应该是一个可数项，而less修饰不可数名词，且用less的话，前面要用there is，故用less错误；that many的表达unidiomatic。
(B) Correcet；补全省略即there are fewer than one-quarter as many (as there were at the height of their popularity in the late 1950s)； fewer修饰可数名词正确；one-quarter在此做副词修饰as many，后面不用再加of，类似于twice as many/much as。
(C) amount修饰不可数名词，不能用来修饰4,000（drive-ins）这个可数的量。
(D) the number指代不清；the amount指代不清，只能修饰不可数名词；the number is less没有问题，less和smaller都可以修饰数字。
(E) it没有指代对象；that amount指代4,000 drive-ins错，amount只能用于修饰不可数名词。
补充说明:
1. 关于A选项中的that many还有一种解释：如果是that many，则不能直接跟在副词one-quarter后面，应该在that many前加上of，使得one-quarter作为代词身份出现：one-quarter of of that many。
2. D选项不看未划线部分，不考虑指代来说是没有问题的，the number is less than one-quarter the amount. one-quarter做为形容词/限定词来修饰the amount，中间并没有缺少of.但是amount的指向错了:4000 drive-ins是可数的.
3. 关于less, fewer, amount and number: (http://www.english-for-students.com/Less-1.html)
This is a vast subject. I will try to limit the number of words I expend on it so as not to use up too great an amount of space. The confusion between the two categories of words relating to amount and number is so pervasive that those of us who still distinguish between them constitute an endangered species; but if you want to avoid our ire, learn the difference. Amount words relate to quantities of things that are measured in bulk; number to things that can be counted.
In the second sentence above, it would have been improper to write “the amount of words” because words are discrete entities which can be counted, or numbered.
Here is a handy chart to distinguish the two categories of words:
amount number
quantity number
little few
less fewer
much many
You can eat fewer cookies, but you drink less milk. If you eat too many cookies, people would probably think you’ve had too much dessert. If the thing being measured is being considered in countable units, then use number words. Even a substance which is considered in bulk can also be measured by number of units. For instance, you shouldn’t drink too much wine, but you should also avoid drinking too many glasses of wine. Note that here you are counting glasses. They can be numbered.
The most common mistake of this kind is to refer to an “amount” of people instead of a “number” of people.
Just to confuse things, “more” can be used either way: you can eat more cookies and drink more milk.
Exceptions to the less/fewer pattern are references to units of time and money, which are usually treated as amounts: less than an hour, less than five dollars. Only when you are referring to specific coins or bills would you use fewer: “I have fewer than five state quarters to go to make my collection complete.”





189. (31681-!-item-!-188;#058&006516) (GWD3-Q30)
Today’s technology allows manufacturers to make small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their production history.
A. small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their
B. small cars that are more fuel-efficient than they were at any time in their
C. small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time in
D. more fuel-efficient small cars than those at any other time in their
E. more fuel-efficient small cars now than at any time in

题目释义：Today’s technology allows … to…

考点：
比较结构，逻辑表达

1. 注意more + adj. + n.的结构，往往都有修饰歧义，因为more可以做形容词也可以做副词，不知more是修饰adj.，还是修饰n.

如more fuel-efficient small cars可能有下面两种意思：

²more [fuel-efficient small cars]：词组的核心意思是更多的车，而这些车是经济省油的

²[more fuel-efficient] small cars：更经济省油的小车

选项分析:
(A)比较的是时间状语，比较对象变成now和at any time，现代科技能使小车”在现在比在过去”省油，语义存在逻辑错误；today和Now重复；at any time没有将自身排除在外，应为any other time；their指代不明，逻辑上指代cars，可语法上更倾向于指代manufacturers。

(B)that are more fuel-efficient虽然表达比较繁复，但使意思清楚，没有歧义；they指代cars that are more fuel-efficient(包括small cars的修饰词)，表达了前后是同一批cars，既出现在现在，还要出现在任何生产史的阶段，应该用those来指代前面的cars（those为核心词指代）；at any time没有将自身排除在外，应为any other time；their指代不明同A。

(C)Correct；that are more fuel-efficient虽然表达比较繁复，但使意思清楚，没有歧义；those合理的指代了cars，使比较对象对等；at any other time排除了比较的另一段—today，合理；该题目句子合理的意思应该是，现在造出的车，比汽车生产史上其它任何时候造出来的车要更省油；比如说，2005年造出来的车子比2004年造出来的车子省油。而不是某一既定的车子在现在比在过去省油，打个比方说，不应该是某辆车子A在2005年比在它在2004年省油。在构造这个句子时，我们一定要注意这一点，避免形成类似的歧义/逻辑错误。避免这种错误的方法在于，保证句子是名词或代词cars/those之间的比较，而不是表时间的副词或介宾语词组的比较。smallcars that are more fuel-efficient than…这种定语从句结构是没有歧义的。

(D)more fuel-efficient small cars造成adj修饰歧义：more既可修饰fuel-efficient，也可修饰cars；their问题同A。

(E)more fuel-efficient small cars造成adj修饰歧义：more既可修饰fuel-efficient，也可修饰cars；比较对象变成now和at any time；at any time没有将自身排除在外，应为any other time。

————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
OG上还有一些题，就不贴解释，只贴题了，大家自己到OG上找答案哈。

OG12

16. Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August,intensifying expectations that personal spending in the Julv-September quarter more than doubled that of the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.

(A) that personal spending in the July-September quarter more than doubled that of
(B) that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double
(C) of personal spending in the July-September quarter, that it more than doubled
(D) of personal spending in the July-September quarter more than doubling that of
(E) of personal spending in the July-September quarter, that it would more than double that of

18. Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than are fungi, in the form of carbon dioxide, and converting it to energy-rich sugars.

(A) Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than are fungi,

(B) Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than fungi,

(C) Plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon,

(D) Plants, more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon,

(E) Plants acquire carbon more efficiently than fungi,

20. As contrasted with the honeybee, the yellow jacket can sting repeatedly without dying and carries a potent venom that can cause intense pain.

(A) As contrasted with the honeybee,

(B) In contrast to the honeybee's,

(C) Unlike the sting of the honeybee,

(D) Unlike that of the honeybee,

(E) Unlike the honeybee,

99. Ranked as one of the most important of Europe's young playwrights, Franz Xaver Kroetz has written 40 plays; his works—translated into more than 30 languages—are produced more often than any contemporary German dramatist.

(A) than any

(B) than any other

(C) than are any

(D) than those of any other

(E) as are those of any

136. Whereas in mammals the tinv tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes form a random pattern.

(A) Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes

(B) Whereas the tiny tubes for the conveying of nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in mammals in parallel lines, birds have tubes that

(C) Unlike mammals, where the tiny tubes for conveying nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, birds' tubes

(D) Unlike mammals, in whom the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, the tubes in birds

(E) Unlike the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells, which in mammals are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes


OG：B,C,E,D,A

teddybearj4

谢谢整理分享~

wyj8602

張玉芯

tks

wangjieava23

谢谢楼主的资料整理

tthere

xx

fmylxj

THX~

Speakers

谢谢楼主的总结

jwy9016

非常感谢

魔女

太感谢了