天山真题 verbal 16

mickyma

Q16:

The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early

experiments in his “Essay on Heat and Light,” a critique of all chemistry since Robert

Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.

A. a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a

B. a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a

C. a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well

D. critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of

E. critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own

envisioning of

参考答案是Ｂ，我选Ａ

a critique 和a vision非常对称做书的同位语，为什么是Ｂ呢？

请指教

携隐

这个题目好难啊.试着来解释一下,仅仅当做讨论吧.

1.平行对称要求并列的两个对象在概念上相等,不仅仅是形式相等.vision在这里应该是"先见之明"的意思,先见之明跟评论在概念上不属于一个东西,不能用and连接并列

2.名词性同位语结构的功能是解释前面的名词.说一本书是一个评论符合逻辑,说一本书是一个vision先见之明不符合逻辑.

3.ETS要求每个动作都有明确的发出者.根据句意,vision作先见之明解,谁的先见之明?A没有明确.(再者,如果vision在这里和critique并列的话,这个vision就是D的vision了)

4.在连接两个并列名词时,ETS非常不喜欢用as well as,只有大并列套小并列,为了不重复使用and,ETS才可能把大并列的最后一个and改成as well as或while.其他情况几乎没有见过用as well as连接两个名词并列的

5.since多引导时间状语,表示自...以来,用在这里不符合逻辑和习惯

目前就看出来这么多.说实话,直到正确答案了我才分析得出来,否则第一个叫我选我也不知道要选哪个,只好通过排除法做了.(反之as well as错误的几率比B要大)

mickyma

谢谢携影如此仔细的回答，试着讨论一下。

以下是引用携隐在2004-9-19 0:13:00的发言：

这个题目好难啊.试着来解释一下,仅仅当做讨论吧.

1.平行对称要求并列的两个对象在概念上相等,不仅仅是形式相等.vision在这里应该是"先见之明"的意思,先见之明跟评论在概念上不属于一个东西,不能用and连接并列

我觉得Vision在这里是对的，而且优于visioning. Vision在这里我觉得可以理解为“展望”，很多公司文化中mission，vision，就是使命和展望的意思．没有查字典，不知道有没有准确的解释．所以我觉得 critique和vision的概念是对称的，说这本书是对前人的批评，同时也是对未来的展望．

2.名词性同位语结构的功能是解释前面的名词.说一本书是一个评论符合逻辑,说一本书是一个vision先见之明不符合逻辑.

3.ETS要求每个动作都有明确的发出者.根据句意,vision作先见之明解,谁的先见之明?A没有明确.(再者,如果vision在这里和critique并列的话,这个vision就是D的vision了)

4.在连接两个并列名词时,ETS非常不喜欢用as well as,只有大并列套小并列,为了不重复使用and,ETS才可能把大并列的最后一个and改成as well as或while.其他情况几乎没有见过用as well as连接两个名词并列的

同意关键的考点在于as well as和and also的区别：查了金山词霸，发现as well as是副词．而不是连词．可是记得as well as 有连词用法的呀．不过的确在连接两个名词词组用and更简洁．还请ＮＮ分析一下两者的区别．

5.since多引导时间状语,表示自...以来,用在这里不符合逻辑和习惯

同意，可是好象也有这种用法的呀．

请教since和following的用法．

目前就看出来这么多.说实话,直到正确答案了我才分析得出来,否则第一个叫我选我也不知道要选哪个,只好通过排除法做了.(反之as well as错误的几率比B要大)

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-9-19 3:49:34编辑过]

mickyma

找到OG 197 as well as的例子

197. In the fall of 1985, only 10 percent of the women entering college planned to major in education, while 28 percent chose business, making it the most popular major for women as well as for men.

(A)  as well as for men
Two elements connected by a coordinate conjunction should be expressed in parallel form. Only A, the best choice, cor­rectly observes this rule (the most popular major for women as well as for men).

(B)  as well as the men

(C)  and men too

(D)  and men as well

(E)   and also men

答案是A，说明as well as作连词是没有问题的。

郁闷呀，请大家一起讨论一下呀．

mickyma

找到OG中极相似的例子：

213. The Federalist papers, a strong defense of the United States Constitution and important as a body of work in political science as well, represents the handiwork of three different authors.

(A) and important as a body of work in political science as well, represents

(B) as well as an important body of work in political science, represent

(C) and also a body of work of importance in political science is representing

(D) an important body of work in political science and has been representative of（B）

(E) and as political science an important body of work too, represent

携隐

OG197我认为符合我说的"在容易引起歧义的地方,ETS倾向于用as well as代替and,同时,为避免重复使用,ETS也会在大并列套小并列的地方使用as well as"的原则.你看,如果用的是and,句子意思就跟用as well as不一样了.这个OG有解释我就不说了.给出几个相似的例子:

大全74

1.                  All-terrain vehicles have allowed vacationers to reach many previously inaccessible areas, but they have also been blamed for causing hundreds of deaths, injury to thousands, and seriously damaging the nation’s recreational areas.

(A) deaths, injury to thousands, and seriously damaging

(B) deaths and injuring thousands, and serious damage to

(C) deaths, thousands who are injured, as well as seriously damaging

(D) deaths and thousands of injuries, as well as doing serious damage to（D）

(E) deaths, thousands are injured, and they do serious damage to

因为前面有一个and,为避免重复and,这里用了as well as

大全601

1.                  Recently implemented “shift-work equations” based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised

(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised

(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising

(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised（C）

(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

这题也是,前面有个小并列用了and,后面就用while了.虽然不是as well as,但我想道理是一样的.

还有一个例子就不是这种情况,因为它没有引起歧义:OG190

190. Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and the victory of the Usuli “mujtahids” in Shiite Iran and Iraq.

(A) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and

(B) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and also

(C) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, of the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and

(D) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and（E）

(E) In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan, and in

你看,这个题目中,虽然小并列用了and,但是大并列也用了and,因为大并列的and是连接两个介词短语,不会跟前面的and引起歧义.

写到这里,不知道MM你有没有发现,所有用and连接的两个成份几乎都是完全对等的,都是一类事物,在概念上没有区别.而所有用as well as的题(除了你举的OG179,那个例子很特殊了,因为如果用了and就完全改变了句子意思),所连接的两个成份概念上还有有一定区别的: critique和vision(纠正一下,critique是评论的意思,不是批评的意思),causing人的伤亡和doing 对场所的damage, sleeping on the job和raising production efficiency.不知道这是否就是and 和as well as的区别呢.

P.S.我不同意本题vision是展望的意思,展望是一个很大的概念,这里描述的只是一个D想发现的化学元素早就被大师很有前瞻性地提出来了.

joe11

I think A is better than B.

First,  "and also" in B is redundant.

Second,  "his" reference is not clear.

携隐

我又想到一个不可以把critique和vision并列的理由:

句子说,这本书是对过去所有B所提出的化学元素的评论,同时也评论了B所"展望"的一个化学元素(这个元素也是D一直在致力寻找的). MM对我这个解释没有问题吧? 好,A的问题就出在这里,它怎么能又是评论又是展望呢?这本书的主要内容是什么呢?它到底是在评论过去的化学元素,还是在谈论新的化学元素啊?评论老的元素不等于对新元素的探索啊.vision这里应该是critique的一个子集,不可以并列的.

valarie

I also agree on A.

B- "his envision of a new chemistry that D hoped to found" has several errors:

1)his - has no clear referent, if you say it refers to Davy, why in the latter half of B, the sentence said "that Davy hoped to found" rather than just say " that he hoped to found"

2) envision is a verb (havn't check if it can be used as a noun)

3)and also - I don't remember it ever appeared in the right answers from OG.

A-

since +people's name - no problem

a vision - perfectly pararrel with a criticue, both logically and idiomatically ( I made up this word) sorry.

valarie

BTW, I remember this question has been discussed not long time ago. And there are many mistakes in Tianshan Zhenti