ask 补充题 147 again!

calista5133

补充题 147 [求助]
147. Not since Galileo suffered the “scurvy humor” of the Inquisition has a religious organization so effectively curbed the ability of a major scientist that he could pursue a theory.
(A) has a religious organization so effectively curbed the ability of a major scientist that he could pursue
(B) did a religious organization so effectively curb the ability of a major scientist that he could pursue
(C) has a religious organization so effectively curbed the ability of a major scientist to pursue
(D) did a religious organization so effectively curb the ability of a major scientist to pursue
(E) has a religious organization so effectively curbed whether a major scientist had the ability that he could be pursuing

i wonder whether  the tense in this case is right?i know since refer to the reason,but is has right while the clause uses the suffered?

rhod

since表示时间，所以用现在完成时has curbed. 由于not since提前，所以是倒装结构。类似于not until倒装。

calista5133

i know ,but i think here since refers to reason and means because

leeon

not since ...has a religious organization so effectively curbed the ability of a major scientist that he could pursue a theory.

将其变化一下：a religious organization has curbed the ability of a major scientist so effectively that he could not pursue a theory since....

原句用现在完成时表示这个限制还没有结束，一直持续下去，所以这里用了现在完成时表示了时间从过去某个时间开始，一直延续下去的动作。

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-8-23 9:22:32编辑过]

calista5133

i see now,but i always confuse with the meaning of since,i do not know how to distinguish the meaning of reason from the meaning of a period time,so could you tell me how to identify it correctly?thanks

leeon

也没有什么很好的建议，简单的一眼就能区分，复杂一点的还是得根据题目的原意，我觉得练习的时候最重要的还是读出原文的句子结构，读懂原意。

calista5133

thank you,anothe question,in 135.
The brain is something of a stimulus reduction system, a means to reduce, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite amount of stimuli that reach the senses at any given moment.
(A) a means to reduce, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite amount
(B) a means to reduce, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite number
(C) the means of reducing for comprehending the nearly infinite number
(D) the means that reduces, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite amount
(E) the means for reducing in order to comprehend the nearly infinite amount

i want to know whether the whole sentense a means to reduce, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite amount of stimuli that reach the senses at any given moment modifies "a stimulus reduction system"?

leeon

The brain is something of a stimulus reduction system, a means to reduce(, in order to comprehend, )the nearly infinite amount of stimuli that reach the senses at any given moment.
其实这就是一种同谓结构，a means对应于a stimulus reduction system,后面的不定式to reduce作为同位语的补足成分，整个在一起就是解释前面的a stimulus reduction system，OG中有类似的结构，好像是...tissues... such as tooth and ..., tissues....，可以参考一下。

calista5133

是同位语结构,是吧!GG真好!以前一直自认为语法挺好的,可是现在越来越不敏感了,可能没有语感,55555

leeon

其实语法结构是一样的，就是GMAT喜欢用逗号插入语呀，倒装呀，加长定语从句或分词等修饰语呀来把简单的句式复杂化，MM的基础很好的话，多看多分析一下GMAT的比较复杂的句子结构，找到一些共同点，应该能很快就提高了。我比较欣赏XDF老杨的一句话：把那些复杂的句子拿过来反复的读，读通读顺读到这个句子就应该这么写为止。