求教...OG12 74...搞不明白

yqhpsyche

74.A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United
States reduced the amount of phosphates that
municipalities had been allowed to dump into the
Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that
municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that
municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities
have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that
municipalities are allowed to dump
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for
dumping by municipalities

答案选的D....可是允许倾倒不是在1972这个agreement之前的事情吗（即使之后还是允许倾倒，可是法案已经发生变化了）？既然是明确发生在法案修改这个过去的动作之前，为什么不是用A中的had been allowed 而是用D中的are allowed呢？
求 指教~~

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记得以前有老师说过，政府的法令法规的内容本身恒用一般现在时（你简单的判断就是问自己：这个法令法规是不是现在仍然这么规定着，如果是，就类似客观真理的时态去对待），而该法令法规造成的结果根据句意判断相应的时态。

而对于过去完成时，我个人觉得要慎用，除非句子里有明确的时间出现，强调一个动作发生在另一个动作之前，才用过去完成时。

这是我个人的一点愚见，希望大牛们补充指正。

yqhpsyche

嗯..还是没有想通的一点是...  1972新的agreement已经更改了规定，那么“以前被允许倾倒”这件事情就是明确发生在1972以前了.....
这个想法的错误在哪里呢  thx~

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我觉得吧，这里不用过去完成时的原因就2个：
1. “the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump into the Great Lakes” 这个就是1972年法令的本身内容，所以就不要考虑其他时态了；
2. 即使你想考虑过去完成时，那么必须要有过去完成时存在的要素：一个明显的时间对比，来强调一个动作发生在另一个动作之前。这里1972年是个绝对的时间概念，并没有做时间上的对比，我这里给你个另一题的例子做参考，我们来看看怎么样的时间对比概念算是形成了两个动作在时间上的对比：

According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a “soft landing,” followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
(A) that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come
(B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come
(C) in the economy’s ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come
(D) in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come
(E) that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming

该题目答案是A，earlier in the year明显的形成了两个动作在时间上的对比，强调了一个动作发生在另一个动作之前。如果楼主有心，可以把OG用到过去完成时的例子贴出来，我们来看看是不是都有这么个时间对比的元素在。

还是我的一些愚见，望大牛们补充指正，呵呵~

yqhpsyche

我觉得吧，这里不用过去完成时的原因就2个：
1. “the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump into the Great Lakes” 这个就是1972年法令的本身内容，所以就不要考虑其他时态了；
2. 即使你想考虑过去完成时，那么必须要有过去完成时存在的要素：一个明显的时间对比，来强调一个动作发生在另一个动作之前。这里1972年是个绝对的时间概念，并没有做时间上的对比，我这里给你个另一题的例子做参考，我们来看看怎么样的时间对比概念算是形成了两个动作在时间上的对比：

According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a “soft landing,” followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
(A) that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come
(B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come
(C) in the economy’s ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come
(D) in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come
(E) that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming

该题目答案是A，earlier in the year明显的形成了两个动作在时间上的对比，强调了一个动作发生在另一个动作之前。如果楼主有心，可以把OG用到过去完成时的例子贴出来，我们来看看是不是都有这么个时间对比的元素在。

还是我的一些愚见，望大牛们补充指正，呵呵~

-- by 会员 popup (2012/2/4 11:37:00)

嗯....大体上有点明白了~~  我会去把关于过去完成时的题都翻出来总结一下滴   灰常感谢

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不客气滴~ 其实这也是我自己摸索出来的，如果楼主发现了反例，也非常欢迎楼主把该反例贴到这里来，我们再来看看会是什么原因，呵呵

bluesolo

所以楼主有总结出来所有的过去完成时题目吗？是不是像楼上所说，必须有明显的时间前后对比才会用到过去完成时？

yqhpsyche

Lz懒惰...没有把完成时的所有题目都做总结，但是大致翻阅了一下OG，prep上比较典型的完成时的题目，是都有明确表达某个时点的过去的时间状语，或者是有since这样的标志词..