补充一点吧 也算是我看到的比较明白的解释 The key in this sentence is the modifier 'growing' because it suggests that the 'growing' has been continuing into the present (which means that it started in the past). The economists had feared the recession before this growing started but once the growing started (in the simple past) they stopped fearing the recession. So the fearing has to be in the past perfect tense.
补充一点吧 也算是我看到的比较明白的解释 The key in this sentence is the modifier 'growing' because it suggests that the 'growing' has been continuing into the present (which means that it started in the past). The economists had feared the recession before this growing started but once the growing started (in the simple past) they stopped fearing the recession. So the fearing has to be in the past perfect tense.
因为对OG12 SC50中的earlier in the year 十分不解，所以看了好几个相关帖子，不过现在仍不完全理解。望指教看了不少观点，感觉babybearmm的很有道理，现引用一下 “过去完成时是和一个过去时的时间点比较 这个过去的时间点，可以用过去时态表示（即某个过去的动作发生那个时间点，就是你以前一直用的方法），也可以用某个表示时间的词表示，例如 By 1990, .... 这后面肯定要跟过去完成时，因为1990就是过去时间点，在此之前就要用过去完成时。(OG或者verbal 2nd里面有类似例子，你留意下） 这句话Earlier this year就是过去时间点，句意是说在这个时间以前或者一直持续到"earlier this year"，所以用had feared；如果句意是说earlier this year这段时间人们feared，那就是用feared。这两种语法上都对，看句意。”
那个by 1990 的例子是By 1945, the us had been at war for several yeas. 这个句子确实很符合，因为1）有过去时间点2）有过去发生的动作延续到（for several years)过去时间点(1990). 但是，在SC50这个例子中，如果我没理解错BABYBEARDREAM同学的观点的话，过去时间点是earlier in the year,问题是有什么理由推断fear这个动作一直延续到这个时间点？或者这个动作发生在这个时间点之前而不是发生在这个时间点呢呢
"问题是有什么理由推断fear这个动作一直延续到这个时间点？或者这个动作发生在这个时间点之前而不是发生在这个时间点呢呢" This could be read from the original sentence. For every SC question, we should first figure out the intended meaning from the original sentence. If the original meaning is logical and unambiguous, then we must stick to the original meaning. IF AND ONLY IF the meaning in the original sentence is illogical or ambiguous, we can change the original meaning.
Here, the meaning in the original sentence makes sense. Therefore, we do not want to change the meaning. (As we know, verb tense is really a meaning-based issue. )
According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidencethat the economy will avoidthe recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a “soft landing,” followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
My usual approach to a complicated verb tense problem is to draw a diagram: one-dimensional graph with only time axis
--------------------|------|---|------------|------------------> t A B' B 0
t=0 is present A is the beginning of this year B is some unspecified time within the range (A, t=0)
"growing confidence" - that means the confidence starts from some time in the past and is still going on, i.e. "growing confidence" starts from B and extends all the way to the future.
From the logical standpoint, these two events "confidence" and "fear" are mutually exclusive, i.e. you can not have these two events simultaneously. Therefore, "the recession that many had feared earlier in the year" must end at B or at some time (B') earlier than B.
See? An event finished at a past time-point (B or B').... Therefore we have to use the past perfect tense. I think as soon as you really understand the meaning in the sentence, you can figure out the verb tense.
因为对OG12 SC50中的earlier in the year 十分不解，所以看了好几个相关帖子，不过现在仍不完全理解。望指教看了不少观点，感觉babybearmm的很有道理，现引用一下 “过去完成时是和一个过去时的时间点比较 这个过去的时间点，可以用过去时态表示（即某个过去的动作发生那个时间点，就是你以前一直用的方法），也可以用某个表示时间的词表示，例如 By 1990, .... 这后面肯定要跟过去完成时，因为1990就是过去时间点，在此之前就要用过去完成时。(OG或者verbal 2nd里面有类似例子，你留意下） 这句话Earlier this year就是过去时间点，句意是说在这个时间以前或者一直持续到"earlier this year"，所以用had feared；如果句意是说earlier this year这段时间人们feared，那就是用feared。这两种语法上都对，看句意。”
那个by 1990 的例子是By 1945, the us had been at war for several yeas. 这个句子确实很符合，因为1）有过去时间点2）有过去发生的动作延续到（for several years)过去时间点(1990). 但是，在SC50这个例子中，如果我没理解错BABYBEARDREAM同学的观点的话，过去时间点是earlier in the year,问题是有什么理由推断fear这个动作一直延续到这个时间点？或者这个动作发生在这个时间点之前而不是发生在这个时间点呢呢
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发表于 2012-2-14 14:07:47
发表于 2012-2-29 04:18:33
