Issue 9 关于新发明与老发明的关系。大大的求拍！

snowmelt

9) In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.
用了大概50来分钟。例子总结起来太费劲了。
只写了五百字不到，可是已经尽力了。总觉得行文不是很有说服力。求指点！

Over the long human history, there havebeen many significant contributions in different areas including science,technology, art, etc. The role relative knowledge plays in achieving thecontributions in that field is a very interesting question that could guidemore success. Is it impossible to make a significant contribution without firstbeing strongly influenced by past achievements within that field as the authorstates? It seems like the author overstates the importance of past achievementsin a field. In fact, other factors can also greatly influence human contributions.

Admittedly, I agree with the author thatmany significant contributions have been made based on the insightfulunderstanding of the past achievements within that field. Copernicus, forexample, would not be able to present the heliocentric theory without beinginfluenced by the past geocentric theory and donating thirty years studying onit. Similarly, it would be impossible for Einstein to challenge Newton'sclassical mechanics if it had no influence on him. Thus, in many cases, pastachievements in an area could serve as stepping stones to new contributions, whichcould even replace the old ones afterwards.

However, the author overstates theimportance of existed achievements in a specific area to the creations withinthat area. Since different subjects such as science and art are interrelated,contributions can also be achieved with the scaffold of knowledge of otherareas. Da Vinci's outstanding contribution to painting can serve as a vividexample. As the first person who developed the use of light into painting, DaVinci had sufficiently studied on "light", which was supposed to be ageneral concept in physics. The style of painting bodies with great precision,on the other hand, successfully adopted the achievements in anatomy whichbelongs to biology. Nowadays, the contribution Steve Jobs has made insuccessfully running Apple Tech has been influenced not only by the pastachievements in smart phone technology, but also by his deep appreciation inbeauty and art.

What is more, many contributions in humansociety have been accomplished by the ability of imagination, rather than anyinfluence of the past achievements. For example, gravity was a product ofimagination flashing over Newton's mind when he witnessed a ripe apple fallingoff a tree. The use of steam machine was accidentally found by Watt who one daysaw the lid of a hot pot jumping over the steam, with an imagination of usingthe power to replace labor work. The long lasting fairytales written by Andersonwere glorious products of his colorful imaginative world. Thus, imagination isalso an indispensable factor upon which many human contributions based.

In sum, according to what has beendiscussed above, we can safely draw the conclusion that past achievements inone field is not the only reason that significant contributions in that fieldhave been made. Scaffold of other fields, an elite’s ability of imagination canalso contribute to those great developments in human history.

ppguo

达芬奇的例子不是很有力支持你的观点。他在科技和绘画方面都是有很很深厚的功底，受到大家的影响。
这篇文章里面的病句非常多，要注意哦。

snowmelt

多谢ppguo！那些病句实在对不起关注。
我就是写不出，然后翻来覆去的修改，改得乱七八糟，后来也没有仔细读一遍。
看来还是要一气呵成，好好积累素材。
那个例子我再想一想~

ppguo

如果你把立场稍微调整一下，是不是会好很多。你可以说，在大多数情况下，需要知识经验的积累才能有伟大的发现。但是也不排除一些特别情况。
其实牛顿的例子里面，虽然他的直觉是很准确的，但是为了证明万有引力的存在，他还是要用数学来证明。

snowmelt

对啊，调整过来好像更有说服力，毕竟个别情况只是个别的。谢谢啦！

冷月钟笛

If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood on the shoulders of giants.

冷月钟笛

for Einstein to challenge Newton'sclassical mechanics if it had no influence on him
这里影响爱因斯坦的成就确切的说是前人对于经典理论质疑的发现与探索，典型的是Michelson-Morley experiment（发现光速不变原理，推翻伽利略变换）和black body radiation experiment，记得是由Maxwell做得报告，总结发展了金的公式（不太确定？）