Season 2——manhattan 31（已点评）

superbat28

从今天起的十道题，由我post哈~大家早安~Keep fighting.

31. Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

选项解析：
The original sentence does not have any flaws. Although Choice E does not have any grammar mistakes, it is not the correct meaning that the author intends to convey.

Choice A: Correct Answer. The tense is fine in this choice. The past perfect tense (had believed) indicates the sequence of the two verbs (believe happens beforeprove). An imaginary substance is the appositive of phlogiston.
Choice B: The meaning of the sentence is not clear. To maintain parallelism, that must be inserted before its. Besides, Choice B implies that “After eighteenth century, scientists do not believe that phlogiston was an imaginary substance”. Clearly, this is not what the author wants to convey.
Choice C: Making phlogiston the subject of the sentence distorts the meaning of the sentence and wrongly suggests that phlogiston is not an imaginary substance after Antoine Lavoisier proves something.
Choice D: The sequence of the words makes this sentence awkward. There is no need to use the inverted sentence.
Choice E: Basically, there is no grammar mistake in the sentence. However, if we take the meaning of the sentence into consideration, we will find that this choice also distorts the original meaning and thus has logic problem. It is fine to say “Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion.”
But we cannot say “Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.” This sentence means that after 18^th century, scientists do not believe that Phlogiston is an imaginary substance. This is not what the author intended to convey.

题目点评：
本题涉及考点：逻辑意思
本题考点相当纠结，其实五个选项都没有较为明显的语法错误点，所以再次提醒我们要在读句子的时候关注句子的句意。诚然在第一次读句子的时候，可能并不能完全读懂句子的逻辑意思，但是要在读句子的过程中关注这个句子都包含了哪些要素，并能在脑袋里做到瞬间闪存。因为此题中，各个选项都没有绝对的语法错误点，故对于剩余选项只好挨个读。但是这个读的过程中，要感受这么写句子会把句子的逻辑意思改变成什么样子，并在这个过程中不断和以前读过的句子做对比，从而感悟到作者真正想要表达的句意。
有童鞋可能会从时态上先下手，这个想法是正确的。AE的过去完成时确实优于BCD的一般过去时，但是这并不是因为until而引起的。Until后面其实可以跟过去完成时，也可以跟一般过去时。这道题，过去完成时之所以优越是因为通过过去完成时，可以清晰表达出believe是在prove之前的。

思路点评：
我继续强调这道题特别考察语义逻辑，所以我想说的是：其实这就是GMAT考察语义逻辑的方式，所以everyone， please pay attention to such thinking style.

9楼innerwarrior 问：“until打头，后面的动词是该过去还是过去完成啊”
答：事实上until后面可以一般过去时，也可以一般完成时的。所以，并不是until在决定后面跟什么时态，而是句意是否要去表述【前后两个动作的先后顺序】在决定我们是要用一般过去时，还是过去完成时。

12楼majestywhite对于C选项的理解：“which指代不好！指代不到前面的P这个物质。”
答：我感觉其实可以说这么指代不直接，但是不能说它真心就指代不到【前面P这个物质】了。也就是说，因为前面那是一个【主系表】结构，其实指代表语和指代主语意思上来看是相同的，只是当然直接去指代主语去点明【P那个物质】会更直接一些咯~

对于12楼还需要指出的一点就是，这种大体思路，先排除谁，后在哪几个选项纠结其实是对的。但是对于A和E的抉择，一定要考虑得更针对性一些~不要被自己带偏了~

本次精华楼层：7楼geniealice  和 12楼majestywhite

大家多些做题感受哇！！！~~~我们好来占领精华楼层！~

庭草绿

第一次来～  试试
选A：因为时间点是proved之前，即过去的过去，要用过去完成时；an imaginary substance同位语修饰phlogiston.
B: 没用过去完成时，而且改变了句意：科学家认为燃烧释放P，而不是认为 P是一种物质。 其实也可以是说被动不好吧～～  
C：which指代错误，应指代P，在C中指代了substance;而且使用了被动，不好
D: 被动不好
E：被动不好

三颗猫饼干

这个题目是从哪里的来的呀？

superbat28

这个题目是从哪里的来的呀？

-- by 会员 三颗猫饼干 (2011/10/18 9:44:44)

manhattan论坛~

clover033

31. Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understoodB many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

选A。

1、时态。until +动词过去式，故主句的谓语动词应该使用过去完成时，表示直到“proved”这个动作发生的时候，科学家们都持有这样的看法，是一个持续的动作；故排除B,D.
2、语态。C,E从一定程度上都使用了被动语态，在GMAT语法中显得wordy。

若雪

冒个泡~~~~~~打个酱油~~~~飘过~~~嘻嘻~~~

nhelpn

A吧

geniealice

从今天起的十道题，由我post哈~大家早安~Keep fighting.

31. Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/18 8:22:30)

又是so trick。。。一道


A，Verb from; Rhetorical construction
Until AL prove ..., ... had believed that ... 过去的过去
that后面完整的SVO，后面an imaginary substance  ...是同位语
whose引导定语从句a substance‘s properties were not fully understood


B，its指代不清；时态为一般过去
C，phlogiston was an imaginary substance成了主句，跟开头until搭配，逻辑不合
D，删去插入语，主句逻辑不合
E，... believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance，好像以前不觉得神奇一样。。。


我承认查字典了。。。要是考场，可能会有点慌。。。

听枫

从今天起的十道题，由我post哈~大家早安~Keep fighting.

31. Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/18 8:22:30)

从时态上来看，until之后的时间是eighteenth century是过去的时间，所以主句的时态应该是过去完成时，所以排除BCD，在AE中选。
E选项中无谓的被动使得句子不够简洁明了。
A选项中句子时态正确，结构清晰，an imaginary...作为同位语也很合适。
所以我认为选Ａ。

innerwarrior

31. Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

Bat来啦，哈哈，赞
这题蛮有难度的嘛
选E
until打头，后面的动词是该过去还是过去完成啊，好像过去完成逻辑上跟通顺点，请斑斑帮忙确认下。
从逻辑意思上：直到AL在18世纪证明了其他情况，许多科学家过去一直相信P是由c释放的，并且P是一个i的物质，这个物质的属性并没有完全被理解