[作文] I57--历史关照现在 求拍

冷月钟笛

今天状态很差，好像是昨天熬夜的缘故~ 慢悠悠地构思并完成了这篇issue，耗时1小时5分钟。乍拿到这个题目感觉很棘手，可是一旦上手了也觉得很容易讲。中间会停下来上网去找找例子，可是并没找到太好的，希望大家有好的事例能分享一下~

57. The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times.
研究历史的最大益处在于打破这样的幻想：现代人和历史的人有很大不同。
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

老G相关：221

提纲摘要：
1. 现代社会的确与过去千差万别，从社会的方方面面。
2. 但人性本质想通，根本追求不变——古往今来的人们并没有什么本质的不同——在这样的共同基础下，令历史成为鉴别关照今人的镜子
 2.1 社会的兴衰（具体事例）——话说这个例子是在GRE阅读里做来的。。。
 2.2 古今的智慧

What are the merits of studying history? This is fairly a big topic for us to ruminate about. History about the past is always considered as a good reference and guideline for people in current times. We learn from the past, from experiences out of successes or failures, out of something long-lasting or transient, out of things glorious or ugly. The reason why the history can mirror the present days is that, in spite of the vicissitudes in the external conditions, there is not big difference in essence between the people now and of the past, and the knowledge and wisdom from the previous sages will stay valuable.

Compared to the past, the lives of today obviously differ greatly from hundreds of years ago. The peaceful life ambiance, transportation and economics, political systems of democracy, social system for working----nearly all aspects of the society and our life become dramatically different from the past, when people may live upon farming, experience wars and famines, or abide to the oligopoly governing. Therefore, we may feel that we are completely different from the people in the past.

However, no matter how much people today varies from the past, the people, serving as the units of a whole society, are actually no more distinct—they all owe desires and lusts, share weakness in human nature, and long for peace and good lives. These common grounds make the history valuable for a good reference for today's life.

Nowadays, every nation tries to develop high technologies, amend and improve its culture, and boost its economics, in a belief of making this nation strong. Viewing the history, we may find the answer for that: every huge progress made by a society is related with the improvement in these three aspects above, and in most cases, all three instead of separate one or two. In the ancient times, primitive people learned to use fire to cook food and developed farming techniques, therefore leading to the primary development of social system and simple civilization. Since then, nations began to form and society began to evolve. During the recent 300 years, many strong nations grew up--like Britain, Japan, Germany, and America--and many declined, like the old China. Nearly all of their successes or failures are related to the improvement or decline of their culture, technologies, and economics. From this point, we may understand why we always value the past instead of isolating it as a different issue to today.

Although some cultures and ideas may fade due to the passing time, the knowledge and wisdom from the sages in the past remain meaningful for us to deal with condemns and challenges today. After all, the common points of humans retain the same generally, making the knowledge and cases of the past function well even in the current times. The ancient book "Master Sun's Art of Wars", for example, still can teach us what strategy is. As for the fading ideas, we may also learn things from its fleeting fate. As is said, "only in the state does man have a rational existence." There must be some irrational issues within the transient cultures, and we can also learn to avoid being entrenched in the same trap.

In retrospect, people may be blinded by the superficial distinctions between the past and today, therefore dismiss the common ground between the past and now. In fact, history can always teach us something empirical for a guide, which ultimately makes us cleaver and wise.

(584)

ppguo

第一段，看完之后，不是特别确定你对题目中的观点是肯定，否定还是部分肯定。
第二个论点你是想说明古代人和现代人没有本质上一样的吗？ 如果是这样，2.1并没有支持这个论点。
读完整个文章，还是不太清楚对题目中的观点持什么态度。

这个题目很有意思，大牛们能不能都给个提纲啊。

cqcn1991

我觉得这个题目非常之难，没什么思路
建议你可以参考一下以前别人写的提纲（老G的）……
如下
221"The chiefbenefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people inone period of time are significantly different from people who lived at anyother time in history."

------------------------------


221 不同意  1、承认不同时代的人本性方面是相同的
human nature-desires and motives; fears and foibles
not to legislate morality; crime and violence
Selfishness,conceit, greed and other evil human natures still exist today. In spite of theefforts made by government to eliminate crimes, rampant gangs and addiction ofdrugs, these social symptoms still remain. Studying the past events can helpthe legislator understand which policies would possibly take effect to solvethese problems, while which measures are futile or even have adverse effects.For example, the failure of 1930 Prohibition teaches us that the effort toregulate ethical problems by law is impractical. As a result, they can avoidsimilar mistakes by learning the lessons of the past.
2、随着历史的发展，不同时代的人存在很大差别
women submissive in the past, independent in the present
bigamy common in the past, illegal in the present
rich people are considered superior and have manyprivileges in the past, strong emphasis on fair and justice
3、历史研究的作用还在于对现代发展的借鉴作用
principles indicated by history help people make wisedecisions in dealing with problems: political states whose authority is basedon suppression of individuals will invariably be overturned by the public'srevolution
mistakes made in the past help people to avoid the samefailure

221. 研究历史最首要的好处就是消除了这样的错觉，即某个时代的人们与历史上另一个时代的人们有重大的差别。

1、历史的确消除了人们自己比前人优越许多的幻觉。
2、历史让现代人以自己的眼光诠释古代人，表面上看是为了让人们寻找他们与古人的共性，但其实相反，历史更注重寻找不同时代人之间区别
3、首先，历史让人们认识古人的智慧和处理问题时总结出来的方法，以此指导现代人进行发展
4、其次，历史让现代人认识古人的缺陷和教训，避免重蹈覆辙

ISSUE221
历史的最大作用在于消除错误印象：不同时代人不同
1 在某些方面，尤其是人的本性方面，不同时代的人都是一样的:人们仍然有着avarice,lechery and jealousness贪婪好色嫉妒的本性，这使的不论哪个时代的人都在不断因此吃下苦果；人们同样对于未知世界是不安的渴望的，虽然我们现在知道的远比我们的祖先知道的多，但是我们都在不停的探索未知世界并且reassure我们自己；不同时代的人类都在追求艺术，因为艺术帮助我们反省自己并且探索自己规律；
2 但是不能否认，我们与以前时代的人是有很大不同的。首先我们的一些生活习惯不同，比如科技的进步使我们随时随地的可以进行交流，这使得我们无时无刻不在关注自己的收集；其次我们的一些观念改变了，比如对于成功，其他时代的人们也许会注重individuality，因为以前的business是小型的，人们之间交流少；而我们现在更注重conformity，现代社会关系很多，没有communication和cooperation 是不可能成功的。All in all, 不同时代的人有很多不同。
3 另外，历史研究最大的好处远不止比较不同时代的人。历史不仅告诉我们人类社会的发展和变迁，更给我们留下很多宝贵经验。在我看来，这些经验和教训才是历史研究的最大好处。通过对一战和二战的研究，我们得知的不是那时候的人和现在有多么不同或者相同，而是知道了我们的战争给我们带来了多少灾难，以及以后我们应该怎么处理国际事务尽量避免悲剧重演；通过研究工业革命的过分膨胀给伦敦带来的烟雾天气，我们知道我们应该如何协调工业发展与环境之间的关系，而不至于让我们的后代生活在dirty之中。所以，我们在研究历史的时候更应该注重lessons，而不仅仅是人们相同或者不同

221 研究历史最明显的好处就是消除了这样的错觉，某个时代的人们与历史上另一个时代的人们有重大的差别
TS：同意作者的观点。
1.由于科技以及对很多phenomena的本质的认识不同，给人们一种很大的假象，即不同时代的人完全不同。
下面展开造成这种假象的原因。（对历史的不懈，怎认为几天的人要比前人聪明，如我们知道地球是圆的，古代人不知道，其实这不是聪明，只是知识的积累不同，人类的知识积累是矩阵式的[个人观点，仅供参考，文科的这条略过]）
2.不同时代的人是有很大相同点的。（如，前人的经验我们可以借鉴，“孙子兵法”Art ofWar，孔子的教学理念Confucius ，因材施教Teachaccording to his ability ）

TS，所以研究历史，从历史中了解事实，以及学习起精髓很有必要，试想一下，当我们抛开前人的科技与经验，我们与不同时代的人还有什么差别吗？

221社会的发展使得今天和过去的人存在许多不同，风俗习惯，道德，思考的问题，生活方式。比如过去妇女就没有选取权也不能inherit财产possessions，古代人日出而作日落而休息，先在人们生活节奏更快，即使晚上也要工作，有人甚至直到深夜。古代人靠写信，先在人发电子邮件行
从人的本性角度来讲，过去的人与现在的人存在很多哦共同点，basic human nature-ourdesires and motives, as well as our fears and other basic characteristics历史恰恰证实了这一点。相似的社会问题，犯罪，暴力。对民主自由的向往。宗教的信仰
但是这仅仅是历史的一小部分作用，更大的意义再与通过研究过去，来帮助我们更好的解决现状的问题，研究过去美国选举中的lowvote turnout，这些因素先在是否存在，如何改进等等。带来民族的认同感，历史故事，历史人物激励着我们，比如圣女贞德Joan ofArc保卫祖国patriotism。带来自豪感，中国古代灿烂的科技文化成就。


221【题目】
The chief benefit of the study of history is to breakdown the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly differentfrom people who lived at any other time in history.

【翻译】
研究历史最大的好处就是打破了这种假象：不同时代的人们之间基本上是完全不同的。

【提纲】
（1）部分同意；
（2）不同时代的人们是有很多相同的地方的，因为人类的发展是个逐渐的过程，比如：basichuman nature-our desires and motives, as well as our fears and other basiccharacteristics
（3）但是，不同时代的人们也有很大的不同，比如对待妇女、宗教、新事物的态度等等，culturalmores, customs, values, and ideals。
（4）研究历史还有很多别的好处：解除人们对自身发展的困惑，很多历史经验和成果可以借鉴。


221. 历史的好处是各时期的人都一样
一、确实可以看到共同之处，但也有不同，而且好处不止这一个
二、History informs us, basically, that humansocieties are propelled better or worse by a few natures of human beings.
1．好奇心，对未知领域的探索
2．对美好生活的追求，stimulate institutions, laws
3．贪婪、野心，劣根性，浪费资源
4．As time goes by and the civilization advances,the harmful characteristics are just overwhelmed by the good ones that becomestronger, but they still exist.
二、不同people of different periods do havedifferences
1．从奴隶社会到民主，mind is lifted a lot
2.  more objectivethan以前were susceptible to the beliefs of religionand the reverence of kingdom, and who complied with the commanders anddoctrines blindly.
2．政治领导，以前纯粹为了throne 和privilege，但是像甘地，为了民主的理想
3．黑人和妇女解放, 也是striddenforward a lot，变得open-minded
4．As 人类社会developing over longperiods... 我们的信念、mind、知识都改变了很多，与原始人不同primitivesociety
三、the benefits of the study of history arefar more than merely breaking down the so-called "illusion".
1．避免错误，Prohibition, big government
2. 避免悲剧历史，原子弹
3．学习发达国家

221T."The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusionthat people in one period of time are significantly different from people wholived at any other time in history." 221． 研究历史最明显的好处就是完全消除了这样的错觉，某个时代的人们与历史上另一个时代的人有很大的差别。
   On theone hand, we learn that basic human nature—our desires and motives, as well asour fears and other basic characteristics—has remained constant over recordedtime. Through this cognition, we can benefit as a society in dealing moreeffectively with our enduring social problems对家庭、友谊、等等各种美德virtue的重视。
   Thestudy of history is equally beneficial to understand and appreciate significantdifferences between peoples of different time periods e.g.:存钱或是用钱、对待环境。
   Anotherproblem with this statement is that it undervalues other, equally importantbenefits of studying history. 如：从历史中吸取经验教训：perpetual motion machine 又如：only seek into history canwe learn how events come into being.苏联解体，冷战后的世界格局。
B. Itis equally beneficial to understand and appreciate significant differencesbetween peoples of different time periods— in terms of cultural mores, customs,values, and ideals.
a) The ways in which societies have treated women, ethnic minorities, animals,and the environment have continually evolved over the course of human history.
b) Society's attitudes toward artistic expression, literature, and scientificand intellectual inquiry are also in continual state of evolution.

ppguo

谢谢“cqcn", 很宝贵的信息。

冷月钟笛

嗯~ 我的观点本来还是想部分赞同题目的~ 虽然现代与古代生活条件等外部方面有所不同，不过本质相同~
但却是像你所说，似乎论证重点有点偏移到“历史可以为我们今天做借鉴”这个问题上来，偏离了讨论历史是否能够澄清古人今人的异同了~ 当时我绕进去了~ 有些汗颜~

冷月钟笛

2.1的论证几乎完全跑偏了~ 本来是想写因为人性相通，本质一样。而从社会发展的层面上历史与现在可以互相参照这个事实，可以进一步证明这一点，毕竟人是组成整个社会的单位，而社会是体现大众意识形态的集合~ 因此证明观点~ 可是现在想想，这样的证明比较间接，犯了套例子的毛病~ 还是缺乏思考，我想如果列举一些历史上的个体或群体行为与现在的进行比较，可能能更直接的证明这个观点~

冷月钟笛

嗯 多谢G友的精彩分享！我把问题想的太简单了，简单到偏离了问题的实质。
对历史的研究的确不是像我诠释的那样，似乎很多实质性的东西被我曲解或局限了~ 比如古今人智慧思想的发展，经验教训的总结。


我们总是听大人教育鼓励孩子“***没什么了不起，你也可以的”，这其实就是在比较古今差异不大，人性本来一致；
可仅仅这样思考历史的价值，就狭隘了，因为历史——如提纲所写——是我们因循参考的资料，帮助发展与自我完善的财富经验。
认清了这些，我觉得您的提纲非常贴切！
1、历史的确消除了人们自己比前人优越许多的幻觉。
2、历史让现代人以自己的眼光诠释古代人，表面上看是为了让人们寻找他们与古人的共性，但其实相反，历史更注重寻找不同时代人之间区别
3、首先，历史让人们认识古人的智慧和处理问题时总结出来的方法，以此指导现代人进行发展
4、其次，历史让现代人认识古人的缺陷和教训，避免重蹈覆辙

ppguo

鼓掌！为我们伟大的G友们的互相帮助，也为这些碰撞出的火花！

冷月钟笛

cqcn1991

说说我的提纲吧
1.历史和现在相同：mooncake,family, friends
2.However, 这些不变的东西实际有了很大的变化：
mooncake made by chocolate
DINK有家庭而无小孩
从未见面的friends, Internet
society from slavery to democracy
3.1 Some may argue that 这些不过只是形式上的
3.2但实质也发生了变化, consider Darwin
4.But, 这些改变并不是simply replace而是expand
这一段怎么论证还在考虑当中……比如围绕的是humanity之类的（如democracy的普及）
5. In conclusion, History evovles而不是简单的改变。通过对这种trend的学习我们可以更加的____(此空待填)