OG 难题总结

straw520fish

OG 100， as 和like的区别：
" As her brother did, Jim aced the test"--------CORRECT. ," Like her brother did, Jim aced the test"-------- WRONG. plz help..Where am I wrong?
"As" is used for comparison of clauses, and "like" is used for comparison of nouns. In your example, "her brother did" is a clause with main verb, hence the comparison is valid. In choice D, the comparison is between nouns: "the planets" and "the stars," hence "like" is the correct comparison.
I speak English like Uru= I speake English as Uru dose

this means we speak English in the same way

like Uru, I speake English =I speak English, as Uru dose

this means, we have a common action of speaking English

a number of problems with A.

1.The stars, some of them at tremendous speeds, are in motion - What a horrible way to write! The modifier should be located after motion. Something like - The stars are in motion, some of them at tremendous speeds (incidentally this is how it has been constructed in B.)

2. For simplicity's sake, let us modify the participle modifier from being so far away from Earth that their apparent positions in the sky do not change enough for their movement to be observed during a single human lifetime to being far away.

Now look at the core of the sentence - The stars are in motion, yet being far away.

Preposition yet (for that matter any of the FANBOYS) after a comma ideally joins two independent clauses. being far away is not an independent clause.

3. There is a problem with the participle modifier itself. In fact a participle is not needed here. Being far away, the stars are in motion. - The subordinate and the main clause are two independent thoughts. Linking them together through a participle is faulty. The stars are'nt in motion because they are far away.

This is resolved in B by removing the participle, making the second clause independent and joining the two clauses with preposition but - The stars are in motion, but they are far away.

In D , the As the planets could have as as well been a clause with a hidden verb " are "
As the planets ( are ), the stars are in motion, some of
them at tremendous speeds, but they are
you can't use "as" in a comparison unless it is followed by something that is actually, explicitly, a clause.
Ron spoke at the trial as an expert
--> this is NOT a comparison; this means that ron is actually an expert, and was speaking in that capacity.

Ron spoke at the trial like an expert
Ron spoke at the trial as an expert would (note clause)
--> these are comparisons. they mean that ron is not necessarily an expert, but that he spoke in a comparable way.
The bay acted as a funnel for the tide
that's not a comparison, so the rule doesn't hold. (that is a sentence that actually says that the bay plays the role of a funnel; it doesn't compare a bay to a funnel.)

Ron spoke at the trial as an expert would (note clause)
--> these are comparisons. they mean that ron is not necessarily an expert, but that he spoke in a comparable way.

straw520fish

Good sentences:
1, Because U visas are "derivative" - they include immediate family members - his wife, Beatriz, 27, mother of their two U.S.-born children, became a legal resident, too.

2, The government defines that crime as enslavement, in which the trafficker uses fraud or coercion to recruit people for forced labor and, often, sexual exploitation.
3, Immigration experts differentiate between human trafficking and human smuggling.  A smuggled person consents to being spirited over the border and goes free in America. But trafficked victims are bound to their traffickers, who ensure their dependency by taking their money and identification.
4, They are forced to work at menial jobs, typically nail salons and massage parlors, and are under constant surveillance. If they try to escape, they are beaten or blackmailed.
5, They fear reprisals not only against themselves; trafficking networks routinely make threats against family members still in the homeland.
6, They made reprisal for what they suffered. 他们为自己所受的苦难进行报复。
7, All applications are channeled to the USCIS service center in Burlington, Vt., where 73 adjudications officers and supervisors authenticate them.
8, The art dealer authenticated the painting as an original. 画商证实这幅画是真品。
9, Supporting paperwork usually includes medical and police reports, as well as the law enforcement letter certifying cooperation.
10, Our fates are inextricably joined. 我们的命运是不可分地连结在一起的。

straw520fish

Comments on how much you should get a GMAT score.

http://www.beatthegmat.com/intutive-managers-t54517.html

Hey All,

I really have to agree with the expert on this forum. I attended a Stanford event for women about one year ago. A few of those women were intelligent and well-spoken - but had low GMAT scores.

I think what happens is reminiscient of what used to happen to me in my highschool marching band days. My band director always said “the cleaner the program, the more errors I see”. I feel it is the same here. When you see those ridiculous scores, high GPAs, typical backgrounds, etc. etc,, it gets BORING. I checked out a book that is aimed toward MBA school applications. They had a few real-life profiles of people with ridiculously high scores, good jobs, and good GPAs. Rejected every single time. Why? Well, they were very clearly unable to enunciate what they wanted to do with their career. Plus, their backgrounds were very typical. Nothing new and nothing spectacular. A school like Stanford always looks for something different. It happens.

Anyway, that is a testament to staying true to yourself. SO what if some school doesn’t accept you. Someone will. Life is about chances…we all get one eventually.

Thanks for this post. It was very supportive.

straw520fish

OG 阅读108-114，
introduce a recent theory---explain the practical importance of hte theory--discuss the methods of the exploration: rely on conceptual models,this model rely on theory---modeal are contructed from observasion of mineral and from theories of ore-forming process。

Q108：新旧两个theory提出来，而且第二段后面说的都是new theory的importance.
Q111：现在大家为什么用这么多的理论/技术来找金矿，前提是什么？从文章中可以看出，在表面的矿藏都已经基本上被开采完了，现在要找那些藏在地底下的金矿了。这就是现在找金矿的前提，所以 C。
附加题：It can be inferred from the passage that the efficiency of model-based gold exploration depends on which of the following?

I.The closeness of the match between the geological features identified by the model as critical and the actual geological features of a given area

II.The degree to which the model chosen relies on empirical observation of known mineral deposits rather than on theories of ore-forming processes

III.The degree to which the model chosen is based on an accurate description of the events leading to mineralization

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) I and II only

(D) I and III only（D）

(E) I, II and III

牛人解析：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-337902-1-1.html
所以把这篇揪出来做是因为它曾经让我产生了严重的挫败感（不知道有没有XDJM有同感），还有一个半月考试，看RC文章还这么不顺！

这篇文章我很久以前第一遍做花了20几分钟，错了好几题。前两天第二遍做的时候仍然花了16分钟（读文章6分，做题10分），关键是文章的逻辑关系都没怎么看明白，很多题目都拿不准，只是迫于时间压力估摸着选了答案。很受打击，于是没有对答案，上CD狂找以前的NN的帖子研究阅读方法，搁置2天后重新回来做这篇文章（因为前面没怎么明白，所以基本上没什么影响）参照Mumu前辈的分析方法，静下心来做题的思路如下：


According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed more than two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granite-like bodies deep (5) beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks.  [首段两句话，各介绍了一个theory. 句子比较长，没有耐心看，既然是两个theory, 关注一下不同点：recent: magmatic fluids Vs old: matamorphic fluids(虽然并不知道他们分别代表什么意思).]


(10) The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance.[好了，要开始说新观点的重要意义了] Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because they had shed trails of alluvial gold (15) that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still lead to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression.[讲了以前找矿容易，现在找矿难，关键的区别在于surface 和buried ,到目前为止还没有直接体现出recent theory的practical importance, 有点疑惑，不过心里大致有底了，肯定是在于发现金矿方面的]


(20) The challenge in exploration is therefore（表示承上） to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals[可以算是主题句吧，下文应该都会围绕怎样解决这个challenge展开，这样才可以把我们的new theory用上]. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological overview; geophysical (25) techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated; and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization.[method widely used today include blablabla...看上去都很先进，但是很长，列了一大堆，略过不看了，如果碰到列举的细节题再回看不迟] However,(语气转折, 关注后面的部分)
                   (30) none of these high-technology methods are of any value if[语气很重，前面讲了一大堆的原来都是铺垫，看来主角要登场了，关键在于什么呢？继续看下文(其实本段主题句已经提到了，在于pinpoint the position)] the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most (35) likely to be mineralized[印证主题句:关键在于选址]. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors. These models are constructed primarily from (40) empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes.[这段最末部分的逻辑关系还是很明晰的：exploration --rely on --> ground selection --rely on -->conceptual models --based on --> observation of know deposits + theories of ore-forming(妈呀！千呼万唤始出来！我们的theory终于派上用场了!(其实还是很隐蔽的)]


The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries (45) to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible/.[这段好像没讲什么新东西，就是说model 怎么用的]


事后分析做的逻辑简图（其实我就是概括了一下段落大意，看来小学咱们语文老师就教导了我们GMAT阅读的方法）

1.        Introduce a new theory in contrast to an old, widely accepted theory



2.        Indicate the importance of the new theory. Explain the easiness of gold discovery in the times of gold rush and the difficulties of gold discovery faced tody.



3.        Explain in details the challenges in exploration today - unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Introduce various advance techniques applied today àhighlight the basis of the utilization of these techniques: ground selection. à the importance of conceptual models



4.        How to use these models



103.
                   The author is primarily concerned with

(A) advocating a return to an older methodology

(B) explaining the importance of a recent theory

(C) enumerating differences between two widely used methods

(D) describing events leading to a discovery

(E) challenging the assumptions on which a theory is based

104.
                   According to the passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems is that such systems (有according to,直接找原话，定位于第一段第二句)



(A) were formed from metamorphic fluids

(B) originated in molten granite-like bodies

(C) were formed from alluvial deposits

(D) generally have surface expression

(E) are not discoverable through chemical tests

105.
                   The passage implies that which of the following steps would be the first performed by explorers who wish to maximize their chances of discovering gold? (找矿的第一步和最重要的一步，根据看文章的时候的分析，应该是选址，也可以回视第三段中间confirm一下)



(A) Surveying several sites known to have been formed more than two billion years ago

(B) Limiting exploration to sites known to have been formed from metamorphic fluid

(C) Using an appropriate conceptual model to select a site for further exploration

(D) Using geophysical methods to analyze rocks over a broad area

(E) Limiting exploration to sites where alluvial gold has previously been found

106.
                   Which of the following statements about discoveries of gold deposits is supported by information in the passage?(只能一个个看过去了)



(A) The number of gold discoveries made annually has increased between the time of the original gold rushes and the present.(排除，没说谁多谁少，要多也是以前多，以前容易发现嘛(第二段))



(B) New discoveries of gold deposits are likely to be the result of exploration techniques designed to locate buried mineralization.(有点像，文章一直在强调locate的重要性,但是还不敢选，说不定有比他更像的)

(C) It is unlikely that newly discovered gold deposits will ever yield as much as did those deposits discovered during the original gold rushes.(无根据，排除)



(D) Modern explorers are divided on the question of the utility of simple prospecting methods as a source of new discoveries of gold deposits.(第二段提到simple prospecting methods,是说以前gold rush时候用的，后来没有提过，更不用说“divided”之说了，排除)



(E) Models based on the theory that gold originated from magmatic fluids have already led to new discoveries of gold deposits.（文章只说了theory的意义所在，但是是否已经有了成果文中没有提到，排除. 好，选B）

107.
                   It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is easiest to detect? (选项都比较短，一扫而过，肯定是gold rush中的那种最简单了，第二段提到)



(A) A gold-quartz vein system originating in magmatic fluids

(B) A gold-quartz vein system originating in metamorphic fluids

(C) A gold deposit that is mixed with granite

(D) A gold deposit that has shed alluvial gold

(E) A gold deposit that exhibits chemical halos

108.
                   The theory mentioned in line 1 relates to the conceptual models discussed in the passage in which of the following ways?(最终把发现金矿和theory联系起来的就是第三段后半部分了，当时已经理出他们的关系,回视confirm)



(A) It may furnish a valid account of ore? forming processes, and, hence, can support conceptual models that have great practical significance.

(B) It suggests that certain geological formations, long believed to be mineralized, are in fact mineralized, thus confirming current conceptual models.

(C) It suggests that there may not be enough similarity across Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems to warrant the formulation of conceptual models.

(D) It corrects existing theories about the chemical halos of gold deposits, and thus provides a basis for correcting current conceptual models.

(E) It suggests that simple prospecting methods still have a higher success rate in the discovery of gold deposits than do more modern methods.

109.
                   According to the passage, methods of exploring for gold that are widely used today are based on which of the following facts? (第三段原话: Methods widely used today include …. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized为什么呢？第二段原话most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression, 其他的选项都可以排除)



(A) Most of the Earth’s remaining gold deposits are still molten.

(B) Most of the Earth’s remaining gold deposits are exposed at the surface.

(C) Most of the Earth’s remaining gold deposits are buried and have no surface expression.

(D) Only one type of gold deposit warrants exploration, since the other types of gold deposits are found in regions difficult to reach.

(E) Only one type of gold deposit warrants exploration, since the other types of gold deposits are unlikely to yield concentrated quantities of gold.

阿纠蒙太奇

原来大家都在被金矿虐呵呵