求解答。关于伴随状语。。。。。我已经晕掉了，请大家指正。

zhangtao1125

以prep1-81为例。

In the major cities of industrializedcountries at the end of the nineteenth century, important public

places such as theaters, restaurants,shops, and banks had installed electric lighting, but electricity

was in less than one percent of homes,where lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas.

(A) electricity was in less than onepercent of homes, where lighting was still

(B) electricity was in less than onepercent of homes and lighting still

(C) there were less than one percent ofhomes with electricity, where lighting was still being

(D) there was less than one percent ofhomes that had electricity, having lighting that was still

(E) less than one percent of homes hadelectricity, where lighting had still been

考点: 句子结构（Grammatical Construction） 主谓一致（Agreement）

1)  两个句子并列,第一个句子含有be动词,第二个句子中的be动词必须省略,同时,一些重复的名词或形容词也必须省略,但是be功能不同时不能省略.

2)  单数复数: the percent of +可数名词复数形式,  谓语动词用复数

3) there be + n  句型中, be动词的单复形式由n的单复形式决定
4)  伴随状语不能修饰主句系动词

(A) 正确, 句子结构简洁; where就近修饰homes,   符合逻辑意思
(B) and lighting still provided省略了was,  因为这里was作为助动词,而前一个并列句的was是系动词,功能不同,不能省略.
(C) where语法上就近修饰electricity,导致逻辑错误; being多余
(D) was应该改为were, 因为one percent of homes是复数名词; having…修饰对象不清楚。
(E) where语法上就近修饰electricity,导致逻辑意思错误；had been过去完成时态错误。

zhangtao1125

我的理解是这样的，伴随状语在句尾时有两种情况，第一种是伴随动作、状态、功能。这是伴随状语的逻辑主语是主句主语。第二种是伴随结果。没有逻辑主语，表示由前面整个事件引起的结果。

关键的来了啊。

第一种情况下，伴随状语修饰的是主句的谓语（能否这么理解？？！！），而伴随状语不能修饰主句的系动词，所以，如果伴随状语是第一种情况是，如果主句谓语为系动词，句子就错了。（能不能这么理解？？？？？！！！！！）题中的D选项，句尾的伴随状语就属于第一种伴随状语，而前面主句谓语为系动词，所以句子就错了，可以这么理解么？？？
第二种情况下，伴随状语是表示引起的结果。这时主句谓语是否为系动词，无所谓。（这时伴随状语还是修饰主句谓语？修饰整个主句？还是什么。。。。。不行了，我已经晕了。。。。）

大家看看吧，欢迎指正。

zhangtao1125

没人理我啊。。。。

innerwarrior

我也在研究伴随状语，终于搞的清楚点了：

其实不要去太关注于伴随状语的动作发起者到底有或没有来判断到底是伴随方式还是伴随结果，因为这个很容易混淆。

我建议的方法是：从逻辑意思上去看到底是什么，按我括号的来看到底翻译的通吗？翻译的通的就对了。
表时间同时发生（你就翻译成伴随着来）：walking down the street, I ran to Sue.
表原因（因为什么）：Being sick, I stayed at home./Living in the country, we had few social engagements.
表结果（结果怎么样）：It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country./The child fell, striking his head.
表方式或伴随（指前面的动词的方式or伴随）He stood, leaning against the wall.
表让步（尽管怎么样）Although knowing all this, they still made me engagements.

因为there be 句型比较特殊，我建议你就把there be看成是正常的主谓句。那么本句：there was less than one percent ofhomes that had electricity, having lighting that was still。主语是there，谓语是was，翻译的话就是“那儿有百分之一的家庭”，所以there be没有伴随状语的啦。。。

open discussion～希望对你能有帮助

ViannaLIN

介是关于LZ说的“伴随状语不能修饰主句系动词”

摘自PREP08笔记  

前人的智慧阿 有木有！~~


2)    如果前面是主系表结构，由于系动词是一个状态不存在“被伴随”，但是V-ing结构依然修饰的是整个主系表结构，所以后面的V-ing结构也可以被解读为修饰前面的名词成分—主语（如果宾语是名词，也一同修饰，因为主系表结构中主语和宾语所指是同一事物--见OG10-39, OG11-24中对正确选项C的解释）。
例：OG10-39  For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
A.    a method to protect
B.    as a method protecting
C.    protecting
D.    as a protection of
E.    to protect
OG10-39的解释（注意C选项的解释）：
Choice C is best because the participle protecting begins a phrase that explains what the shields did. Choices A and B awkwardly use the singular word method to refer to items of military equipment rather than to the use of such items. Also, a method of protecting would be more idiomatic than a method to protect in A or a method protecting in B. In B and D, as is incorrect; also, a protection in D has no noun for which it can logically substitute. Choice E is incomplete; used to protect would have been acceptable.
      OG11-24的解释（注意C和E选项的解释）
Logical predication + rhetorical construction
The underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment. It is awkward and inaccurate to describe items as a method. Replacing the underlined phrase with the participle protecting creates a modifying phrase that clearly explains the purpose of the items of military equipment.
A    A method to protect is an awkward reference to items
B    The singular a method should not refer to the plural items, as a method protecting is not idiomatic
C    Correct. In this sentence, protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of the items.
D    Beginning the phrase with as is incorrect; using the noun form protection creates wordiness
E    The infinitive to protect cannot act as an adjective modifying items; the participial form of the verb, protecting, is required
The correct answer is C.