求教ing的用法 无比困扰。。。

19911208

分词ing形式放句尾，做伴随状语，逻辑主语等于句子主语 或者做结果状语，无逻辑主语
那如果分词ing形式之前有名词，是就近修饰名词还是做伴随状语/结果状语？

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.
A.which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing

B.which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing

C.which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of

D.including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing

E.including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of

本题根据平行结构选D
但是ing形式做伴随状语或者是结果状语又似乎说不通
难道就近修饰remedies
求解啊 无比困扰


A.which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing

B.which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing

C.which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of

D.including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing

E.including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of

本题根据平行结构选D
但是ing形式做伴随状语或者是结果状语又似乎说不通
难道就近修饰remedies
求解啊 无比困扰

boystar

对滴，including放在句末可作为非限制性定语，修饰就近的名词~~~

19911208

谢谢~\(≧▽≦)/~啦啦啦