superbat： PREP 202 关于各种比较

superbat28

202.(31980-!-item-!-188;#058&006267)(GWD-27-Q7)

Providing initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed to be, environmentalists in Chicago report that the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice as much as that which is being emitted annually by all motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.
motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.

A. as much as that which is being emitted annually by all
B. as much annually as is emitted by the
C. as much compared to what is annually emitted by all
D. that emitted annually by all
E. that emitted annually compared to the

题中有两处比较
1. 先试图还原下紫色部分，用D正确答案的形式，请大家批判：
The total amount of pollutant (that is) emitted annually by vehicles at OIA is twice the amount of pollutant（用that指代了）(that is) emitted annually by all motor vehicles in the CMA.

而如果像B选项，暂且把annually位置放在正确的地方，暂且认为后一个as可以做“比较从句的主语”，是否补全后仍然是错的，比较对象仍不平行？
The total amount of pollutant (that is) emitted annually by vehicles at OIA is twice as much as(指代the amount of pollutant) is emitted anually by all motor vehicles in the CMA.       我的意思是这个is的出现，是不是导致二者不平行了？~



2. 而对于蓝色部分，请问除了比较省略的部分？对于将一个东西和其之前believe to be的情况相比较的用法，我仍不是很清楚。给出一个OG题：Q12 正确句子
A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought.
毛毛在一个帖子里说，全句补全后应如下：A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as (the economy that) some analysts previously thought (might be).

我对此表示基本同意。但是我想请问，如果把比较部分改为： The economy might not be as weak as (the economy that)  some analysts previously thought to be(might be).                     请问此句语法上是否有错？还是仅仅说to be是多余成分，但并无语法错误？

而结合到本题蓝色比较部分，我想请问各位NN，蓝色部分补全后应是怎样的？还是根本不需要再补全？ 此外 believe to be的to be能否去掉？还是说用believe to be是为了表达出“当年被believe而后会成为什么样子” 这样的想法？

现行谢过！

Tobelogical

1
The total amount of pollutant (that is) emitted annually by vehicles at OIA is twice as much as(指代the amount of pollutant) is emitted anually by all motor vehicles in the CMA.
这里的as ... as中as是连词不是代词，lz如果要把as作为代词来用，那么就不存在as ... as句型。如果要用，必须是as... as + 与比较对象平行的结构。

2
the economy might not be as weak as (the economy that)  some analysts previously thought to be(might be).
比较的两部分总要平行的，前半句是might be后面的部分最好是might be
Environmentalists provide initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed  to be
另外这两句话后面比较部分的主语不一样，不能套用相同结构。

一家之言

superbat28

1
The total amount of pollutant (that is) emitted annually by vehicles at OIA is twice as much as(指代the amount of pollutant) is emitted anually by all motor vehicles in the CMA.
这里的as ... as中as是连词不是代词，lz如果要把as作为代词来用，那么就不存在as ... as句型。如果要用，必须是as... as + 与比较对象平行的结构。

2
the economy might not be as weak as (the economy that)  some analysts previously thought to be(might be).
比较的两部分总要平行的，前半句是might be后面的部分最好是might be
Environmentalists provide initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed  to be
另外这两句话后面比较部分的主语不一样，不能套用相同结构。

一家之言

-- by 会员 Tobelogical (2011/8/6 14:25:42)

谢谢帮助~不过我有些不同的观点：
第一个问题，as做第二个比较结构的主语代词，是prep笔记Q202题里写的，这应该算是一种特殊用法吧？如下：
as,than可以做比较从句的主语，例：In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day.
As指代了americans。



我纠结的点是那个is，因为前面emitted是在做形容词修饰pollutant，所以我认为那个is的出现，使得前后不平行。想看看这个观点是否正确~

第二个问题，我知道那个地方要用might be~我的疑问是，thought to be中to be的出现只是多余？还是说有语法错误？
此外，关于最后说两个比较主语不一样？我不确定我是否catch Ur idea了。我怎么觉得主语都是airport呢。。

Tobelogical

as much annually as is emitted by the
four times as many Americans were killed as
观察一下，后一句as之间有名词，这应该是他做代词的前提。
than sb expected/though当常规用法记吧，应该是冗余

the economy might not be as weak as (the economy that)  some analysts previously thought to be(might be).
Environmentalists provide initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed  to be
我的意思是第一句主语是分析者，第二句主语是被分析者

superbat28

as much annually as is emitted by the
four times as many Americans were killed as
观察一下，后一句as之间有名词，这应该是他做代词的前提。
than sb expected/though当常规用法记吧，应该是冗余

the economy might not be as weak as (the economy that)  some analysts previously thought to be(might be).
Environmentalists provide initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed  to be
我的意思是第一句主语是分析者，第二句主语是被分析者

-- by 会员 Tobelogical (2011/8/6 15:18:50)

嗯。。第一个问题我需要继续澄清，我觉得咱俩关注点不在一个层面上，嘿嘿
我的意思是，我们暂且认为它代词指代了好吧~PREP语法上也说可以把它当成代词指代。只是prep上貌似的意思是，如果把as当成代词后，这个平行就没有错误了。而我认为，即是当成代词了，仍不平行，理由就在那个is。
因为比较对象前面是一个名词加上它的后置定语The total amount of pollutant (that is) emitted annually by vehicles at OIA ，而后一个比较对象变为了一个主谓宾结构    the amount of pollutant（用as指代了） is emitted anually by all motor vehicles in the CMA.  

所以，我觉得仍然是不平行。这是我想说明的。。。呃~~~

第二个问题，你的意思是to be只是冗余，没有语法错误咯？~

第三个问题。。呃。。他俩是一个是分析者，一个是被分析者。。可是那两个句子都是对的啊。。
我就是想知道Environmentalists provide initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed  to be这个句子中有没有省略。。举个例子说：
That airports are a larger source of pollution than they were (a source of pollution) ten years ago.
我就想知道在这个believe to be结构中，是否有省略那个a source of pollution，如果省略了，怎么加进去。。。

superbat28

upp    TT

xinruiAbby

解释得超清楚 O(∩_∩)O谢谢

rabbit1937

202.(31980-!-item-!-188;#058&006267)(GWD-27-Q7)

Providing initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed to be, environmentalists in Chicago report that the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice as much as that which is being emitted annually by all motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.
motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.

A. as much as that which is being emitted annually by all
B. as much annually as is emitted by the
C. as much compared to what is annually emitted by all
D. that emitted annually by all
E. that emitted annually compared to the

题中有两处比较
1. 先试图还原下紫色部分，用D正确答案的形式，请大家批判：
The total amount of pollutant (that is) emitted annually by vehicles at OIA is twice the amount of pollutant（用that指代了）(that is) emitted annually by all motor vehicles in the CMA.

而如果像B选项，暂且把annually位置放在正确的地方，暂且认为后一个as可以做“比较从句的主语”，是否补全后仍然是错的，比较对象仍不平行？
The total amount of pollutant (that is) emitted annually by vehicles at OIA is twice as much as(指代the amount of pollutant) is emitted anually by all motor vehicles in the CMA.       我的意思是这个is的出现，是不是导致二者不平行了？~



2. 而对于蓝色部分，请问除了比较省略的部分？对于将一个东西和其之前believe to be的情况相比较的用法，我仍不是很清楚。给出一个OG题：Q12 正确句子
A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought.
毛毛在一个帖子里说，全句补全后应如下：A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as (the economy that) some analysts previously thought (might be).

我对此表示基本同意。但是我想请问，如果把比较部分改为： The economy might not be as weak as (the economy that)  some analysts previously thought to be(might be).                     请问此句语法上是否有错？还是仅仅说to be是多余成分，但并无语法错误？

而结合到本题蓝色比较部分，我想请问各位NN，蓝色部分补全后应是怎样的？还是根本不需要再补全？ 此外 believe to be的to be能否去掉？还是说用believe to be是为了表达出“当年被believe而后会成为什么样子” 这样的想法？

现行谢过！

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/8/6 13:59:02)

superbat28 版主好，
小菜鸟要考G，刚刚开始复习不久，每日抱着电脑和OG钻研NN们的讲解，为NN们的水平与奉献精神而惊叹与幸福不已……
第一次说说自己的看法。
关于B选项对于第二个比较的影响问题：

1，显然as做指代，指代前述的the total amount of pollutant；

2，所以补齐原文，the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice as much as the amount of pollutent is emitted by the motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area。

3，问题就出现了，上述变成了一个名词，the total amount of X, 与 一clause之间进行比较，显然是不合适的。

4，可以类比其他题目中 as 或者 than 做关系代词题目的例子，我们可以发现，正式由于前后恰恰是需要两句完整的句子进行比较才采用了此种用法，避免了前面一句话去比较后面一个主语这样的错误的。

例如，
prep-218, Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies（插入语丢掉）—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.
中我们可以看出，Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark这件事情与 XXpeople have been killed by bee stings这件事情进行对比。而若改为 fewer than those killed by bee stings,则成为了与 事件与人对比，显然不对。
而the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice as much as the amount of pollutent is emitted by the motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area 无非是倒过来。

5，很关键但也是最为疑惑的一点，除了通过体会文章含义以外，如何能够判断是句子比句子，还是句子的某个成分比上句子的某个成分？好几天来也困惑着我。
environmentalists in Chicago report that the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice as much as that which is being emitted annually by all motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.
motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.
就这个为例，我认为前面的主系表结构基本上就决定了比较的主体是主语，而且恰恰比较词就出现在了表语之中，更加确定是N比N。

Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies（插入语丢掉）—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.
而这个例子之中：（思路混乱，有几个凌乱的感觉，不知道对不对，请NN们指教）
首先，fewer than 直接进行主语数量的比较，而不是在主语的某个修饰词上面做比较（主语也没有none modifier），而两个主语的区别体现在哪里？答：只能是体现在他们发出的动作之上，即谓语动词，从而需要连带谓语动词一起比较，变成了句子比较句子；第二，（不是上述例子）有时候感觉比较词常常出现在句子的最后，（有状语的感觉，修饰整个句子），这种时候往往需要整句话的比较，故而常采用as/than指代的用法。（求印证，大家帮帮忙）

rabbit1937

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