[讨论]从OG88,103,136 看so that与so as to以及so...that与so..as to 的区别

清风剑

so that 和so as to 分别应在什么情况下使用？在表达的意思差不多的情况下，哪个更佳？看了OG88，103，136的解释以及sbbi及gemj等高手的讨论，尚不能有明确答案，哪位战友能澄清余之鲁敦？给以明了易懂之解释。

88. The Emperor Augustus, it appears, commissioned an idealized sculpture portrait, the features of which are so unrealistic as to constitute what one scholar calls an "artificial face."

(A)  so unrealistic as to constitute

(B)  so unrealistic they constituted

(C)  so unrealistic that they have constituted

(D)  unrealistic enough so that they constitute

(E)  unrealistic enough so as to constitute

         key:A     

       OG解释:The verbs are and calls indicate that the sculpture is being viewed and judged in the present. Thus, neither the past tense verb constituted (in B) nor the present perfect verb have constituted (in C) is correct ; both suggest that the statue's features once constituted an artificial face but no longer do so. Also, B would be better if that were inserted after so unrealistic, although the omission of that is not ungrammatical.

Choice A, which uses the clear, concise, and idiomatic construction so unrealistic as to constitute, is best.

103. Students in the metropolitan school district lack math skills to such a large degree as to make it difficult to absorb them into a city economy becoming ever more dependent on information-based industries.

(A)  lack math skills to such a large degree as to make it difficult to absorb them into a city economy becoming

(B)  lack math skills to a large enough degree that they will be difficult to absorb into a city's economy that becomes

(C)  lack of math skills is so large as to be difficult to absorb them into a city's economy that becomes

(D)  are lacking so much in math skills as to be difficult to absorb into a city's economy becoming

(E)are so lacking in math skills that it will be difficult to absorb them into a city economy becoming

KEY: E

136. Although schistosomiasis is not often fatal, it is so debilitating that it has become an economic drain on many developing countries.

(A)  it is so debilitating that it has become an economic

(B)  it is of such debilitation, it has become an economical

(C)  so debilitating is it as to become an economic

(D)  such is its debilitation, it becomes an econom­ical

(E)  there is so much debilitation that it has become an economical

KEY:A

OG解释：Choice A is best: is links the noun schistosomiasis with its modifier, debilitating, and so debilitating that idiomatically introduces a clause that provides a further explanation of debilitating.

C uses an awkward and wordy construction in place of a that... clause

尤其是88与136，类似的情况，相反的选择，OG的解释并不能让我确定两者用法上的区别。

sbbi及gemj相关讨论链接：

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&star=2&replyid=125640&id=18048&skin=0&page=1

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-7-5 13:22:57编辑过]

rt316

以下给出一些例子，注意主语和动作发出者的区别，这是so that和so as to的主要区别。

1－so that的经典例子参见OG67，227；

2－so as to的例子见下（摘自langmen）：

The little boy ran off so as not to be caught.

Now it has just been seen that the laws of physics are efficiently ordered so as to produce highly desirable states.

The regional economy has been reorganized so as to distribute tasks and responsibilities equitably.

The spouts are placed so as to ensure no seed drops down the deep furrows immediately behind the subsoiler legs.

Their identities are not revealed so as to prevent reprisals against their families.

They immediately crossed the river and fired several houses in the village of DeSoto, so as to illuminate the river.

Winsocks should be written so as to be accessible from either 32-bit or 16-bit workspace.

I carefully examined every photograph in minute detail through a magnifying glass so as not to miss a thing.

I moved slowly forward so as not to antagonize the two pendulums.

It could have been Jamie, padding softly around his flat so as not to disturb the neighbours.

One went on tiptoe so as not to disturb the hush.

Partly this is so as not to contrast too blatantly with the speech patterns of your characters.

She had left her curtains undrawn so as not to sleep too long in the morning.

The boats are lowered away and so as not to frighten the whale the crewmen paddle instead of rowing.

The tribal drumming sessions have been toned down too, so as not to bother neighboring homeowners.

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-7-5 6:48:49编辑过]

清风剑

非常感谢stoneren! 可否考虑一下so...that与so...as to?

如果用og88的规则去做136很可能会选C,当然有人说c有倒装问题。除此之外有没有更为合理的判定原则？

清风剑

请高手指点！

rt316

以下是引用清风剑在2004-7-5 13:20:00的发言：

非常感谢stoneren! 可否考虑一下so...that与so...as to?

如果用og88的规则去做136很可能会选C,当然有人说c有倒装问题。除此之外有没有更为合理的判定原则？

136的C不仅由于倒装结构过于笨拙，而且无法表达出A中完成时态所要表达的意思，has become表示的是到现在为止，至于以后没有任何暗示，当然，我也认为136的致命伤在于倒装的繁琐。

so as to和so that都解释为：为了...；以至于...；参考：OG67/171/227

so ... as to和so ... that解释为：太...以至于或为了；参考：OG20/103/136/153/163/172/88

so as to / so ... as to一般都用于前部仅有简单的名词结构，而so that / so ... that可以用于更为广泛的结构中，比如前部是句子且有多重名词出现，由于that的原因，so that / so ... that不仅可以明确表达主语的对象，也可以明确表达时态。

在实战中，当前部结构十分简单时，我们一般选用so as to / so ... as to结构以使句子结构简单化，但是，当有时态的需要或语序的需要时（一般情况下，正确选项遵循A的顺序，因为倒装其实改变了句子的语气，除非正序结构都有致命错误）我们要改用so that / so ... that以达到明确表达的目的。

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-7-7 1:07:37编辑过]

paopao

以下是引用stoneren在2004-7-6 6:22:00的发言：

136的C不仅由于倒装结构过于笨拙，而且无法表达出A中完成时态所要表达的意思，has become表示的是到现在为止，至于以后没有任何暗示，当然，我也认为136的致命伤在于倒装的繁琐。

so as to和so that都解释为：为了...；以至于...；参考：OG67/171/227

so ... as to和so ... that解释为：太...以至于；参考：OG20/103/136/153/163/172/88

so as to / so ... as to一般都用于前部仅有简单的名词结构，而so that / so ... that可以用于更为广泛的结构中，比如前部是句子且有多重名词出现，由于that的原因，so that / so ... that不仅可以明确表达主语的对象，也可以明确表达时态。

在实战中，当前部结构十分简单时，我们一般选用so as to / so ... as to结构以使句子结构简单化，但是，当有时态的需要或语序的需要时（一般情况下，正确选项遵循A的顺序，因为倒装其实改变了句子的语气，除非正序结构都有致命错误）我们要改用so that / so ... that以达到明确表达的目的。

stoneren解释得真好  非常感谢 真是高手！！！

清风剑

Hi! stoneren, thanks a million!

看了你的贴子，我又把相关的句子仔细读了几遍，现在有一点如下的感觉，请指教。

1。so that/so...that 强调明确的前因后果关系，主从句可以不是同一个主语。

2。so as to/so...as to 往往不是明确的前因后果关系，其逻辑主语是主句主语。

3. 选择时注意句意。

rt316

以下是引用清风剑在2004-7-7 5:55:00的发言：

Hi! stoneren, thanks a million!

看了你的贴子，我又把相关的句子仔细读了几遍，现在有一点如下的感觉，请指教。

1。so that/so...that 强调明确的前因后果关系，主从句可以不是同一个主语。

2。so as to/so...as to 往往不是明确的前因后果关系，其逻辑主语是主句主语。

3. 选择时注意句意。

对于你的第二点，我想提个小建议，我认为‘逻辑主语是主句动作的发出者’这个理解可能更为合理。不知意下如何？

清风剑

YES, I AGREE WITH YOU! THANKS YOU REPLY ME SO QUIKLY!

DRINK WITH YOU!

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-7-7 9:59:14编辑过]

quiny

3x