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这篇整理的思想及例子都是来自于：[草稿] than比较分类分析http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-43981-1-1.html
这篇是根据不同的分类整理的，有可能不同的分类会让部分人更容易理解，仅提供参考，不上升到理论高度，不同意见多讨论
一、比较：比较对象做主语
a. 这里主语概念包括句子的主语和从句中的主语
b. 主语（包括that/those指代的有相同性质、不同修饰成分的）不同不能省，主语（包括其任何修饰成分）相同可省略
c. 时态不同时助动词不能省，时态相同助动词可省
d. 倒装等强调句型，主语和助动词都不能省
注意比较内容的平衡，如：According to a recent study, the elderly in the United States are four times more likely to give regular finacial aid to their children than to receive it from them.
1. 主语不同，倒装、时态不同，主语和助动词都不可以省略：
eg1. Thepay of senior executives increased in 1990 by a larger percentage than did the wages of other salaried workers.
2. 主语不同、时态相同，助动词可以省略：
eg1. Even though Bela Bartok’s music has proved less popular than Igor Stravinsky’s and less influential than Arnold Schonberg’s, it is no less important.
eg2. Several studies have found that the coronary patients who exercise most actively are at least fifty percent less likely than those who are sedentary to die of a heart attack.
eg3. In 1982 the median income for married-couple families with a wage-earning wife was $9,000 more than that for families in which only the husband was employed.
eg4. A study commissioned by the Department of Agriculture showed that if calves exercise and associate with other calves, they have require less medication and gain weight more quickly than those raised in confinement.
eg5. Aging is a property of all animals that reach a fixed size at maturity, and the variations in life spans among different species are far greater than those among individuals of the same species: a fruit fly is ancient at 40 days, a mouse at 3 years, a horse at 30, a man at 100, and some tortoises at 150.
eg6. Holland spends a larger percentage of its gross national product on defending its coasts from rising seas than the United States does on military defense.
eg7. The report on the gross national product—the nation’s total production of goods and services—showed that second-quarter inflation was somewhat lower than previously estimated and that the savings rate was slightly higher.
(我把previously estimated理解成previously estimated inflation was，助动词was省略，inflation省略不引起歧义)
eg8. Less detrimental thanthe effects of bacterial transformation are the effects of bacterial deterioration: spoilage of food, corrosion of metals, decay of wood, and other undesirable alternations of substances.
(冒号后面是deterioration的同位语，整句谓语倒装，are提到the effects of bacterial deterioration前面)
eg9. No less remarkable thanthe development of the compact disc has been the use of the new technology to revitalize, in better soundthan was ever before possible, some of the classic recorded performances of the pre-LP era.
(又是倒装，has been被前，从to revitalize到结尾的不定式修饰new technology；注意这个句子中还有一个比较，比较对象sound，由于时态不同，加助动词was。)
eg10. No less an authoritythan Walter Cronkite has reported that half of all Americans never read a book.
(这个句子争论比较多，这里只是个人理解法，不一定正确，管用就好；就当成简单的主语比较，authority和Walter Cronkite，时态相同，我是在Walter Cronkite后补上has理解的，也可以把than Walter Cronkite移到句尾，加个has，就更容易理解了)
eg11. The visiting pharmacologists concluded that the present amalgam of Chinese and Western medicine is probably as good as, or better than,any othersystem that might be devised for the patients treated at the Nan Kai hospital in Tian-jing. (as good as和better than都是比较级)
3. 主语相同、时态不同，主语可以省略：
eg1. As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, fewer people will enter the labor force in the 1980’sthan did in the 1960’s and 1970’s, a twenty-year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.
eg2. For many travelers, charter vacations often turn out to cost considerably more than they originally seemed.
4. 主语相同、时态相同，主语和助动词都可以省略：
eg1. The investor who is uncertain about the future is more likely to put money into blue-chip stocks or treasury bills than into gold.
eg2. Nowhere in Prakta is the influence of modern European architecture more apparent than in its government buildings.
eg3. The human growth hormone, made by the pituitary gland, is secreted in higher concentrations during sleep than during waking hours.
eg4. St. John’s , Newfoundland, lies on the same latitude as Paris, France, but in spring St. John’s residents are less likely to be sitting at outdoor cafes than to be bracing themselves against arctic chills, shoveling snow, or seeking shelter from a raging northeast storm.(注意比较内容的结构平衡)
eg5. According to a recent study, the elderly in the United States are four times more likely to give regular finacial aid to their children than to receive it from them.
eg6. In Japan elderly people are treated with far greater respect than they are in most Western countries.
(这里关于they的用法，原帖里有讨论，有人认为换成those更合适，我这里认为它就是指代elder people在不同的地区，助动词are没有省略)
eg7. Two new studies indicate that many people become obese more because their bodies burn calories too slowly than because they eat too much. (实在不知道能不能分在这一类，有点牵强，我理解成than后面省略they do，大家也可以理解成从句比较)
eg8. The financial crash of October 1987 demonstrated that the world’s capital markets are more closely integrated than ever before and that events in one part of the global village may be transmitted to the rest of the village—almost instantaneously.
eg9. The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970's.
二、比较：比较对象做其他成分（非主语，包括从句主语）
a. 比较对象相同可省略，不同时不能省略，比较对象性质相同时可用it/that/those指代（但属于不同比较对象）
b. 时态不同时须补充助动词，这是需要补充比较对象做主语，时态相同时不用补助动词
1. 比较对象相同、时态相同：
eg1. Although Napoleon’s army entered Russia with far more suppliesthan for any previous campaign, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
2. 比较对象相同、时态不同：
eg1. Florida will gain another quarter-million jobs this year alone, many of them in such high-paying fields as electronics and banking, making the state’seconomy far more diversified than itwas ten years ago.
3. 比较对象不同、时态相同：
eg1. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet. （注意这句也有主语比较，斜体标出）
eg2. In his eagerness to find a city worthy of Priam, the German archaeologist Schliemann cut through Troy and uncovered a civilization a thousand years more ancient than the city known to Homer’s heroes.
eg3. Domestic automobile manufacturers have invested millions of dollars in research to develop cars even more gasoline-efficient than those at present on the road.
eg4. The man was always aware, sometimes proudly and sometimes resentfully, that he was a small-town Midwesterner thrust into a world dominated by wealthier, better-educated, and more polished peoplethan he.
(这里如果by wealthier, better-educated, and more polished people than he改写成by people who was wealthier, better-educated, and more polished than he. 则比较类型就成了不同主语，相同时态)
eg5. Bihar is India’s state, with an annual percapita income of $111 lower than that of the most impoverished countries of the world.
eg6. Once positioned in space, the Hubble Space Telescope will capture light from source twenty times fainter than those that can be detected by ground-based instruments.
4. 比较对象不同、时态不同：
三、more than, less than, no more than, no less than做形容词或副词
eg1. Founded in 1983, the magazine has since more than doubled its circulation and its advertising.
eg2. The number of undergraduate degrees in engineering awarded by colleges and universities in the United States more than doubled from 1978 to 1985.
eg3. Degler does more than merely summarize existing research; he constructs a coherent picture of two centuries of studies dealing with the changing roles of women.
eg4. A Labor Department study states that the number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.
eg5. Even though the direct costs of malpractice disputes amounted to less than one percent of the $541 billion the nation spent on health care last year, doctors say fear of lawsuits plays a major role in health-care inflation.
eg6. With total sales of less than three hundred thousand dollars and fewer new subscribersthan last year, the New England Theatre Company is in danger of losing its building.
(句中还有一个相同比较对象，相同时态的比较)
eg7. IRS provision 354-B requires that an S corporation with assets of greater than $200,000 send W-2 forms to its full-and part-time employees on or before Jan.31.
四、the -er... the -er...结构
eg1. Dr. Hakuta’s research among Hispanic children in the United States indicates that the more the children use both Spanish and English, the greater their intellectual advantage in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic.
五、as...as..., the same... as...结构；另一类比较，适合比较对象和助动词补足的关系：
eg1. The use of chemical pesticides in this country is as extensive as it was ten years ago, if not more so.
(比较，时态不同，主语相同，不确定as……as结构中it可不可以政略)
六、倒装
eg1. Of the twin supernovas, the more recently discovered it the larger, but it is the smaller one that has irrevocably altered astronomists’ ideas about the origins of the universe.
(这个句子争论也比较多，大家可以继续讨论，我理解成倒装，前半句it是主语，of结构提前到句首，the more recently修饰discovered，倒装了，谓语discovered也提前了，还原：it discovered the more recentlythe larger of the twin supernovas；后半句是it is……that句型)
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发表于 2011-7-2 21:44:20
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