Prep1 SC #202_关于as,than可以做比较从句的主语的问题

清飞扬

而且比较对象是total amount of pollutant 这个整体，比较点是关于不同的by xxx来比较，所以这个比较对象再前后是相同的。而前面的那个句子
the unemployment rate of Country X is twice
                             that of Country Y

可见比较对象是the unemployment rate 比较点是of xxx后面的内容。这个比较点是必须要表现出来的，是不能省略的。和这道题的total amount of pollutant 结构不同。不能看到of结构就一样画葫芦的去套结构

关于比较的的省略问题，代词的使用，平行的规则是很有讲究的！且不同的题目情况用法是不同的。

比如这道题，因为total amount of pollutant 是一样的，比较点的by xx不一样，所以by xxx是不能省略的，但是total amount of pollutant 是可以省略的。也就是==》 the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles 。。。。is twice  as much as by all xxx

就像是那道题OG138.
In no other historical sighting did Halley's Comet cause such a worldwide sensation as did its return in 1910-1911.
(A) did its return in 1910-1911
(B) had its 1910-1911 return
(C) in its return of 1910-1911
(D) its return of 1910-1911 did
(E) its return in 1910-1911

比较点是：In no other historical sighting,
主语是Halley's Comet ，
谓语是caused。

这里是比较再不同时间的In no other historical sighting
所以这个比较结构可以写成：
In no other historical sighting did Halley's Comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910-1911
OR
In no other historical sighting did Halley's Comet cause such a worldwide sensation as (Halley's Comet caused such a worldwide sensation)  in its return of 1910-1911 ==>因为主谓宾前后的结构相同是可以省略的，但是比较点的in xxx和不同的时间是不能够省略的

fox0923

顶飞扬的解释！

清飞扬

呵呵，谢谢狐狐捧场

一起加油，过这个比较关

ykelly123

花哈哈，飞扬的教学贴。
看过顶一个

gingershien

关于LZ的问题，我也想要问问，因为As的比较结构中，真的可以当作主语吗? 因为像PP#202的笔记中
1.    as,than可以做比较从句的主语，例：
In one of thebloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, onSeptember 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beachesof Normandy during D-Day.  As指代了americans。
但我怎么看都觉得不是指代主语，不知道我漏看了什么~~谢谢大家

Thyrod

as哪有指代（岂能即作代词，又作连词），不就是比较从句省略主语么......

关于LZ的问题，我也想要问问，因为As的比较结构中，真的可以当作主语吗? 因为像PP#202的笔记中
1.    as,than可以做比较从句的主语，例：
In one of thebloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, onSeptember 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beachesof Normandy during D-Day.  As指代了americans。
但我怎么看都觉得不是指代主语，不知道我漏看了什么~~谢谢大家

-- by 会员 gingershien (2011/10/22 17:14:03)

powerlgx

感谢飞扬的精彩总结！
我在看prep的时候也有同样的疑问，总觉得笔记中所描述的as和than可以做指代的说法很牵强。飞扬的解释一下就解决了这个疑问

welljunjun

Providing initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed to be, environmentalists in Chicago report that the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice as much as that which is being emitted annually by all motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.
A.as much as that which is being emitted annually by all
B.as much annually as is emitted by the
C.as much compared to what is annually emitted by all
D.that emitted annually by all
E.that emitted annually compared to the

我来说下我的想法：
A.错误因为that which 不能一起使用，which是非限制性定从，要使用必须是前面有逗号的。
twice的结构是：
twice N
twice as adj/adv as
twice 表示此数，可以单独出现，比如：说了几次，等等

此外twice后面是不能跟that结构的，除非2中情况：
1. that做代词，如：the unemployment rate of Country X is twice that of Country Y---我觉得这个是变相的twice +N的结构
2. that 不是修饰twice的，如：smith has already been advised twice that these actions are foolish

最后且不论这个is being的对错，这边的比较根本就不平行，不应该用is emitted。因为前半句是the total amount of pollutant emitted....后半句应该是sth emitted xxx，这么才是平行，如果要出现is的话，就应该是the total amount of pollutant is emitted xxx twice as much as is emitted才可以。可是现在的结构不平行对称

B.the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice as much annually as is emitted by the motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area-----这里依旧有A的is存在的问题

C.as much compared to what is annually emitted by all, 但凡比较就应该是as much as....不能是as much compared xxxx

D.the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice
                                       that emitted annually by all motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area
===>所以可以看出that指代the total amount of pollutant，这个结构相当的平行对称呢，在我看来

E. that emitted annually compared to the==>twice/compare to一起使用，错误

以上是我的分析，请版主和各位NN来拍我的思路

-- by 会员 清飞扬 (2011/10/14 17:15:47)

觉得飞扬的解释有点问题...
首先要承认as确实不能做比较结构主语...但我觉得as much as is emittedannually其实是对的，我举个曼哈顿上的例子： The money spent by her parents is more than it was expected to be.
这里的比较对象是the money spent by her parents, 所以than后用了it，个人认为it其实也可以省略...因为比较对象一致。那么，这句话是否平行呢？
回过头我们来看as much as is emitted annually，事实上，这句话在最后一个as后是一个倒装结构，本质上其实是：as much as emitted annually....is，其中，省略了the amount of pollutant,这句话是否和曼哈顿上的那句话有点神似呢？其实，这句话本质上是平行的对不？


另外，还想请教几个问题：（1）A中的is being是否必然错？（2）emmited 能否修饰amount 以make sense?

徐立晨

In one of thebloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, onSeptember 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beachesof Normandy during D-Day.  As指代了americans。
这道题应该不是AS充当主语   as在比较结构中应该是介词吧   好像不能做指代成分  
我记得在新东方的黄皮书上看到过这道题   给出的解释是在比较句中than、as之后经常出现主语省略的情况  
但是他没有说是在什么情况下可以省略  我猜测应该是以两个比较对象相同  不引起歧义为原则吧
求牛牛帮忙解释   谢谢！！！

徐立晨

Providing initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed to be, environmentalists in Chicago report that the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice as much as that which is being emitted annually by all motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.
A.as much as that which is being emitted annually by all
B.as much annually as is emitted by the
C.as much compared to what is annually emitted by all
D.that emitted annually by all
E.that emitted annually compared to the
这道题上我也赞同welljunjun的说法  和他有相同的问题   貌似B选项也是平行的  求解答！！！