再炒OG12 14 中的which

almond518

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun’s poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun’s surface, which have never been sighted on
翻了帖子，没有集中在E。可能太弱了吧，但是我真是被which的指代给搞晕了。大全说的E项 which修饰surface错。
需要临近修饰名词，但是which是否在此也可以跳跃修饰 dark spots呢？

再看这个OG12 -26
Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else.

A. Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering

B. Dickinson were written over a period that begins a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ended shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber

C. Dickinson, written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s death in 1886 and outnumbering

D. Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother, ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, and outnumbering

E. Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber

这个which跳跃了吧，我觉得二者没有太大区别啊？急死了，请多多指教，谢谢

MarsTOF

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-102721-1-1.html

建议你去看这个帖子  

对于14题  OG的解释是unclear and awkward

若雪

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun’s poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun’s surface, which have never been sighted on
翻了帖子，没有集中在E。可能太弱了吧，但是我真是被which的指代给搞晕了。大全说的E项 which修饰surface错。
需要临近修饰名词，但是which是否在此也可以跳跃修饰 dark spots呢？

再看这个OG12 -26
Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else.

A. Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering

B. Dickinson were written over a period that begins a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ended shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber

C. Dickinson, written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s death in 1886 and outnumbering

D. Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother, ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, and outnumbering

E. Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber

这个which跳跃了吧，我觉得二者没有太大区别啊？急死了，请多多指教，谢谢

-- by 会员 almond518 (2011/6/8 17:20:40)

不要着急~~我觉得代词就是SC难点之一~~~
先强调一个概念：就是大多数情况下which做Noun modifier是需要紧跟修饰词的。


但是如果在A介词B，which 的情况下，先判断 B能否做which的先行词，可以的话那么which修饰B
不可以的话，那么which修饰的是A介词B的结构，也就是说修饰中心词A。


Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which....
这里which修饰不了D，因为D是人，所以修饰整个词组，即which指代Letters。再加上后面是which were,更加说明不可能指代单数


appear as dark spots on the Sun’s surface, which have never been sighted on
我觉得这道题应该是修饰dark spots，否则和后面主谓不一致。
另：OG对E的解释是 This phrasing makes the sentence somewhat awkward and unclear.


manhattan中在解释noun-modifier特例时引入了一个“mission-critical”的概念。
补充:
1. The commission proposed that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be obtained through a local bond issue.  which指代Park，因为这句话可以理解为funding to develop the part。所以中心词是Park   另外也可以通过前面我说的那种方法来，which可以修饰park..park could be open..主谓什么都没问题，，Pass


2.In order to protect English manufacturers of woolen goods against both American and Irish competition, England passed the Woolens Act of 1698, which prohibited the export of woolen cloth beyond a colony's borders.   which指代act 因为是1698年的act, 所以中心词是act. 另外也可以通过我前面说的1698不能prohibited，而且指代时间要用when，所以指代act


个人理解，欢迎拍砖~

almond518

谢谢回复！学到很多，当时看M的时候看来很多东西没有理解啊：manhattan中在解释noun-modifier特例时引入了一个“mission-critical”的概念。
非常感谢

almond518

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-102721-1-1.html

建议你去看这个帖子  

对于14题  OG的解释是unclear and awkward

-- by 会员 MarsTOF (2011/6/8 17:32:30)

很好的贴子，谢谢！

angelcity

关于若雪说的"appear as dark spots on the Sun’s surface, which have never been sighted on
我觉得这道题应该是修饰dark spots，否则和后面主谓不一致。
另：OG对E的解释是 This phrasing makes the sentence somewhat awkward and unclear."
关于这种推论我见到过班班说过一句一针见血的话,非常认同:"我们只能通过主语去推谓语,不能通过谓语倒推主语是怎样的". 也就是说:如果which修饰dark spots,主谓一致.但是还有一种可能性:如果which修饰"sun's surface",只能说明这个选项错误。
我个人觉得以一个可能错误的谓语为基础，去倒推出一个主语，这个推论过程是有不合理之处的