gwd 8-20

tianwan

Q20:

Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions.

A. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also

B. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast), which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also

C. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States, creating farmland (especially in the Northeast) and giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also

D. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also

E. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States not only created farmland (especially in the Northeast), giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it

The key is B, what's wrong with A?

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-7-8 18:02:28编辑过]

xinfaxian

支持D,这道题好像应该考虑更多的是逻辑意思吧。

not only, but also 虽然经常被考到，但是这里应该是表示转折。

ring_cheng

a.     Not only did …create and gave => 第二个动词时态错误

同意

b.     Which指向前面的farmland，但它并不会给顾客便宜的房子 => 指代对象不对，逻辑也错误

同意

c.     The … creating and giving… => 缺乏动词

同意

经过搜索大全中not only...but also...例句，对其用法有了一点新看法：

一、在正常语序中，

1、not only...but also...后面所接成分应该整齐对称，要么都是名词/动词，要么都是介词短语等。例子太多就不一一列举了。

2、短语本身不可以加入其它成份，比如变成：not only...but it also...是错误的（因为破坏了平衡）。如大全中：

125.The winds that howl across the Great Plains not only blow away valuable topsoil, thereby reducing the potential crop yield of a tract of land, and also damage or destroy young plants.

(A) and also damage or destroy

(B) as well as damaging or destroying

(C) but they also cause damage or destroy

(D) but also damage or destroy（D）

(E) but also causing damage or destroying

Choice D, the best answer, correctly employs the correlative construction not only x but also y, where x and y are grammatically parallel and where both x and y (damage and destroy) apply to young plants. Choices A, (not only... and also), B (not only... as well as), and C (not only... but they also) violate the not only... but also paradigm. Moreover, B contains terms (blow... damaging) that are not parallel. In C and E, damage is used not as a verb with young plants as its direct object but as a noun receiving the action of cause; consequently, these choices fail to state explicitly that the damage is done to young plants. E also violates parallelism (not only blow... but also causing)

3、该短语中间不可以增加其它成分，但可以简化为:not only...but...（所连接成分依然保持平衡对称）。但是从书面语角度考虑，前者要好于后者。请看大全中两道题的红字部分的解释：

189. Proponents of artificial intelligence say they will be able to make computers that can understand English and other human languages, recognize objects, and reason as an expert does—computers that will be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan, or other purposes such as these.

(A) as an expert does—computers that will be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan, or other purposes such as these

(B) as an expert does, which may be used for purposes such as diagnosing equipment breakdowns or deciding whether to authorize a loan

(C) like an expert—computers that will be used for such purposes as diagnosing equipment breakdowns or deciding whether to authorize a loan

(D) like an expert, the use of which would be for purposes like the diagnosis of equipment breakdowns or the decision whether or not a loan should be authorized（C）

(E) like an expert, to be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan or not, or the like

A correct sentence must maintain parallel structure. In choice A, the three-part series (to diagnose..., deciding,... or other purposes...) lacks parallelism. C, the best choice, replaces A’s third element with for such purposes as; this phrase functions as a stem for the other two elements, which are recast as two parallel phrases—diagnosing... or deciding.... Thus, choice C not only manages the parallel structure but avoids the less effective other purposes such as these at the end of choice A. Choice E uses faulty parallel structure (to be used..., deciding..., or the like). In B and D, which and the use of which introduce sentence elements that lack antecedents or reference. In addition, D is wordy.189

241. As well as heat and light, the Sun is the source of a continuous stream of atomic particles known as the solar wind.

(A) As well as heat and light, the Sun is the source of a continuous stream

(B) Besides heat and light, also the Sun is the source of a continuous stream

(C) Besides heat and light, the Sun is also the source of a continuous streaming

(D) The Sun is the source not only of heat and light, but also of a continuous stream（D）

(E) The Sun is the source of not only heat and light but, as well, of a continuous streaming

Choice D, the best answer, has no modification errors and uses parallel phrases to complete the idiomatic construction not only... but also. Choices A, B, and C have modification errors: As well as heat and light and Besides heat and light cannot logically modify the Sun, the nearest noun, as grammar requires them to do. This misdirected modification suggests that heat and light are also (in addition to the Sun) a source of the solar wind. Choice B may be faulted for the awkward word order of also the Sun, while C unnecessarily uses streaming rather than the more straightforward stream. Choice E fails to use parallel phrases in the idiomatic construction not only x... but [also] y: of should not appear before not only if it appears after but, and but also is preferable to but. Finally, the use of the gerund streaming rather than the more straightforward noun stream is needlessly awkward.

二、在倒装语序中，

1、可以在短语中插入某类成分，如：not only did sb do sth, but sb also did sth （之所以前后都加入主语，不是为了连接主语，而是为了句子的对仗工整而补足主语，连接的其实是主语的两个不同的谓语动作。又因为not only在句首已经倒装过了，所以but also用正常语序即可。依然满足句子平衡的要求）.如大全：

354.In 1978 a national study found that not only had many contractors licensed by a self-policing private guild failed to pass qualifying exams, they in addition falsified their references.

(A) they in addition falsified their references

(B) they had their references falsified in addition

(C) but they had also falsified their references

(D) they had also falsified their references（C）

(E) but their references were falsified as well

2、由上一点及满足句子结构完全平衡的要求，是不是可以推知：在倒装语序中最好也不要轻易把also去掉？该点尚属猜想，未在大全中找到相应例句。

因此回头再来看GWD此题：

E. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States not only created farmland (especially in the Northeast), giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it

这里but后无故加多一个it，属破坏句子结构平衡之罪，应删之。

而A. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also

not only did sb do...but it also...的用法是没错的，该选项错就错在gave的时态上。

所以通过排除A/B/C/E，答案定在D。

D虽然看上去很怪，跟not only...but also...一点儿边儿也沾不上，可是却是最没有语法错误的一项。but it also在此表转折，意思是：the clearing 提供了farmland和house等，但是它也造成了森林的毁损。

经过此番总结，最大的体会是ETS考查句子结构的平衡性要求是非常严格的！而这些平衡性的要求又体现在非常小的细节之处（此题中，仅添加一词就足以破坏平衡的总要求）！如果在可能的情况下保持绝对的平衡，就一定不要相对的平衡！

个人管见，望大家多提不同意见！

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-5-28 22:55:49编辑过]

青鸟

not only, but it also 得用法不对。

而且不是the systematic clearing of forests而是farmland ( 提供relatively inexpensive

houses and furniture 。

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-6-16 17:19:49编辑过]

tianwan

多谢青鸟，不过：

1,语法书上说，but和also可以分割，也有例子。

《新编英语语法》薄冰P633：Not only does he compose music, but he also play./ Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds.

《新编英语语法》章振邦1005：She was not only compelled to stay at home, but she was also forbidden to see her friends.

2,farmland 不能提供furniture。

所以我对答案有疑问。难道A有别的错误吗？B的but also前面有逗号，是不是主语不能省略？

philikittist

not only did +create(原形）+ and + gave(过去时）：这个有问题么？

tianwan

Oh, the past tense of the "gave" is wrong, Thanks a lot, philikittist.

Then, why " farmland gave customers furniture."?

JerryGuan

A. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions.

B. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast), which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions.

本句是A not only do1..., but also do2...首句倒装的结构not only A do1... , but also do2

A在but also加一个it指代clearing显多余；
farmland提供了相对较便宜的家具，不是clearing 提供了相对较便宜的家具。

philikittist

ets好像就是认为but also不可以拆开。

我也认为是clearing给了人们houses furniture。有土地怎么能就有便宜的房子和家具呢？它们可是拿木头做得呀。

LES

以下是引用tianwan在2004-6-16 17:35:00的发言：

B的but also前面有逗号，是不是主语不能省略？

主语可以省略，可参考OG172 和241。

tianwan

Thanks! But I am still not convinced that farmland can provide cheaper furniture. Anyway, the "gave" should be enough to rule out A.

Thanks again, 青鸟，philikittist, jerry and LES!

青鸟

以下是引用tianwan在2004-6-16 17:35:00的发言：

多谢青鸟，不过：

1,语法书上说，but和also可以分割，也有例子。

《新编英语语法》薄冰P633：Not only does he compose music, but he also play./ Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds.

《新编英语语法》章振邦1005：She was not only compelled to stay at home, but she was also forbidden to see her friends.

2,farmland 不能提供furniture。

所以我对答案有疑问。难道A有别的错误吗？B的but also前面有逗号，是不是主语不能省略？

我昨天看得og上面说的， but they also是不对的。og 125,

125. The winds that howl across the Great Plains not only blow away valuable topsoil, thereby reducing the potential crop yield of a tract of land, and also damage or destroy young plants.

(A) and also damage or destroy

(B) as well as damaging or destroying

(C) but they also cause damage or destroy

(D) but also damage or destroy（D）

(E) but also causing damage or destroying

Choice D, the best answer, correctly employs the correlative construction not only x but also y, where x and y are grammatically parallel and where both x and y (damage and destroy) apply to young plants. Choices A, (not only... and also), B (not only... as well as), and C (not only... but they also) violate the not only... but also paradigm. Moreover, B contains terms (blow... damaging) that are not parallel. In C and E, damage is used not as a verb with young plants as its direct object but as a noun receiving the action of cause; consequently, these choices fail to state explicitly that the damage is done to young plants. E also violates parallelism (not only blow... but also causing).