三道疑惑语法(gwd-12-20, 32, 34)

jackychew

Q31:

Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else.

1. Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering



2. Dickinson were written over a period that begins a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ended shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber



3. Dickinson, written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s death in 1886and outnumbering



4. Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother, ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, and outnumbering



5. Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber

看到了同一套的GWD-12-31，觉得有必要和GWD-12-20比较一下，因为两道题目的考点如出一辙，看来这种叙事句子ETS是有倾向于正确选项的这种句式的。

唯一还想钻牛角尖的是：

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&replyid=56971&id=56971&page=1&skin=0&Star=2

以上的讨论中，nn门是有除句子重心外其他的理由来排除选项A的，但是12-20中就没有其他的理由排除E了吗？

jackychew

不好意思，看了其他的帖子，有点儿想通了：不管怎么用establishing这个形式在本句中，实在是不如定于从句+过去一般时。

不知是不是这理，大家可以参考一下：

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&replyid=54937&id=54937&page=1&skin=0&Star=5

Lucky0506

以下是引用LES在2004-6-13 23:38:00的发言：

Q20: Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.

1. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established
   
2. The act of Congress, which was approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established
   
3. The act of Congress approved April 24, 1800, which made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., and established
   
4. Approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., the act of Congress also established
   
5. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also establishing

反对选D，这里that引导的定语从句是起到限定the act的作用的，而Approved April 24, 1800是非限定修饰成分。

A的句子结构如下：
Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress （主语）that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established （谓语）

注意：also是副词，不同于and，不可以连接两个动词的，只有当它同and连用时可以，但这时发挥连接作用的还是and。

注意部分说的是在太好了！指点迷津啊！！谢谢LES!

seekmydream

Q20: Approved ATE Year="1800" Day="24" Month="4">April 24, 1800ATE>, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the LACE>United StatesLACE> to the new federal city, LACE>Washington, D.C.LACE>, also established the Library of Congress.

1. Approved ATE Year="1800" Day="24" Month="4">April 24, 1800ATE>, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the LACE>United StatesLACE> to the new federal city, LACE>Washington, D.C.LACE>, also established

      D.   Approved ATE Year="1800" Day="24" Month="4">April 24, 1800ATE>, making provision for the removal of the government of the LACE>United   LACE>States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., the act of Congress also established

D为什么错?我的看法是:

1. D的 making provision...有修饰歧义.除了可以修饰后面的the act of Congress also established 外,还可以看作是approved的伴随状语.

你可能会反驳,approved是分词短语而不是句子,能这么修饰么?答案是确定的.从理论上,既然是状语,当然可以修饰任何动词性的词或词语啦.OG也有例子作证哦.请看OG154

154. In 1791 Robert Carter III, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered his property.

This sentence requires that the participial phrase setting free ... connect to the gerund construction by filing a deed ...;it was the filing of a deed that made possible the setting free ....

也就是说,现在分词表伴随状语时是可以修饰前面的动名词短语和分词短语的,不仅仅是一完整句子.

再看OG179

179. During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the newcomers. Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land. were a help in the rescuing of many Pilgrims and pioneers from hardship, or even death.

(A)  Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of

(B)  Native Americans knew the ecology and the land intimately and this enabled them to help in the rescue of

(C)  Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue

(D)  having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land. Native Americans helped the rescue of

(E)   knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue

Choice A suffers from the wordy and indirect expression were a help in the rescuing of. B creates an awkward, redundant, fused sentence in which the first clause has to be repeated in the vague this of the second clause; further­more, the comma required before and in larger compound sentences is omitted. D and E are confusingly worded because they begin with present participles (having and knowing) that appear at first to refer to the immediately preceding noun, newcomers, rather than to Native Ameri­cans. D also has the wordy and unidiomatic helped the rescue of. Clear, direct, and economical, choice C is best.

D和E的现在分词短语有修饰前面newcomers而不是Native Americans之误.也就是说,现在分词放在句子中间还可能作定语修饰前面的名词.

所以...ing 短语放在句子中间要小心啦!

2.即使将making看作修饰后面主句, 其意思是迁都条款的制订是在建图书馆之前,其实原句逻辑意思是:1800年通过的the act of Congress中(可能有若干个),制订了迁都条款的那个act,还established the Library of Congress.       made provision 与established 都是the act of Congress 的内容. OG也有例子为证(261和44).

OG 44.Using a Doppler ultrasound device, fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy.

(A)Using a Doppler ultrasound device, fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy

(B)Fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy, using a Doppler ultrasound device.

(C)Detecting fetal heartbeats by the twelfth week of pregnancy, a physician can use a Doppler ultrasound device.

(D)By the twelfth week of pregnancy, fetal heartbeats can be detected using a Doppler ultrasound device by a physican

(E)Using a Doppler ultrasound device, a physician can detect fetal heartbeats by the twelfth week of pregnancy.

...Contrary to intent, the wording in Choice C suggests that physicians can use a Doppler ultrasound device after they detect fetal heartbeats.

------所以,怎么也不能选D啦!!

A很好啊,approved 作定语修饰the act of Congress, that made provision 作限定修饰, 除了made provision 之外, also establish blahblah...   that 从句优先修饰中心词act,没错. 而且, act of Congress 关系密切可当作一个整体看待, that 也可以说是修饰the act of Congress, 何来修饰歧义? 如果硬说that made provision有修饰歧义,这话就没法说了,这种修饰太多了, 难道要把act 和of Congress 分开不成?这在OG就更错了, 参考美国文盲造成经济损失那道题(是大全里的吧?),这样分开不可行.

有感而发,一家之言,欢迎拍砖.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-10-7 4:43:52编辑过]

zenger

以下是引用seekmydream在2005-10-7 4:20:00的发言：

the act of Congress中(可能有若干个),

这才是要害！

其实本题A，B之争不应该体现在the act of Congress和making...之间的距离。[因为B的which ..approved..可以理解为插入在the act... making....的非限定成分。而且rules doing是比较好的表达]

本题关键是the act of Congress不是the Act 而是那个that ...的，使用限定性从句是本题关键。因此A是正确的。

罗马青年

seekmydream MM，OG的题真熟悉，信手拈来，值得学习，估计最后高分NN了！

scarletohara

20 --A

you may well refer this OG11-105

qianrene

GWD-12-Q20:

Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.

 

1. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established如果that是定语从句的话前面不用加个逗号

2. The act of Congress, which was approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established

3. The act of Congress approved April 24, 1800, which made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., and established

4. Approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., the act of Congress also established

5. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also establishing

我觉得选E才对，单从A怎么知道作者意图是想重点说establish？E的语法没什么错误，逻辑上也讲得通

mcwEnquxiN

以下是引用seekmydream在2005-10-7 4:20:00的发言：

Q20: Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.

1. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established

      D.   Approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United   States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., the act of Congress also established

D.   Approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United   States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., the act of Congress also established

D为什么错?我的看法是:

1. D的 making provision...有修饰歧义.除了可以修饰后面的the act of Congress also established 外,还可以看作是approved的伴随状语.

你可能会反驳,approved是分词短语而不是句子,能这么修饰么?答案是确定的.从理论上,既然是状语,当然可以修饰任何动词性的词或词语啦.OG也有例子作证哦.请看OG154

154. In 1791 Robert Carter III, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered his property.

This sentence requires that the participial phrase setting free ... connect to the gerund construction by filing a deed ...;it was the filing of a deed that made possible the setting free ....

也就是说,现在分词表伴随状语时是可以修饰前面的动名词短语和分词短语的,不仅仅是一完整句子.

再看OG179

179. During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the newcomers. Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land. were a help in the rescuing of many Pilgrims and pioneers from hardship, or even death.

(A)  Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of

(B)  Native Americans knew the ecology and the land intimately and this enabled them to help in the rescue of

(C)  Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue

(D)  having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land. Native Americans helped the rescue of

(E)   knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue

Choice A suffers from the wordy and indirect expression were a help in the rescuing of. B creates an awkward, redundant, fused sentence in which the first clause has to be repeated in the vague this of the second clause; further­more, the comma required before and in larger compound sentences is omitted. D and E are confusingly worded because they begin with present participles (having and knowing) that appear at first to refer to the immediately preceding noun, newcomers, rather than to Native Ameri­cans. D also has the wordy and unidiomatic helped the rescue of. Clear, direct, and economical, choice C is best.

D和E的现在分词短语有修饰前面newcomers而不是Native Americans之误.也就是说,现在分词放在句子中间还可能作定语修饰前面的名词.

所以...ing 短语放在句子中间要小心啦!

2.即使将making看作修饰后面主句, 其意思是迁都条款的制订是在建图书馆之前,其实原句逻辑意思是:1800年通过的the act of Congress中(可能有若干个),制订了迁都条款的那个act,还established the Library of Congress.       made provision 与established 都是the act of Congress 的内容. OG也有例子为证(261和44).

OG 44.Using a Doppler ultrasound device, fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy.

(A)Using a Doppler ultrasound device, fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy

(B)Fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy, using a Doppler ultrasound device.

(C)Detecting fetal heartbeats by the twelfth week of pregnancy, a physician can use a Doppler ultrasound device.

(D)By the twelfth week of pregnancy, fetal heartbeats can be detected using a Doppler ultrasound device by a physican

(E)Using a Doppler ultrasound device, a physician can detect fetal heartbeats by the twelfth week of pregnancy.

...Contrary to intent, the wording in Choice C suggests that physicians can use a Doppler ultrasound device after they detect fetal heartbeats.

------所以,怎么也不能选D啦!!

A很好啊,approved 作定语修饰the act of Congress, that made provision 作限定修饰, 除了made provision 之外, also establish blahblah...   that 从句优先修饰中心词act,没错. 而且, act of Congress 关系密切可当作一个整体看待, that 也可以说是修饰the act of Congress, 何来修饰歧义? 如果硬说that made provision有修饰歧义,这话就没法说了,这种修饰太多了, 难道要把act 和of Congress 分开不成?这在OG就更错了, 参考美国文盲造成经济损失那道题(是大全里的吧?),这样分开不可行.

有感而发,一家之言,欢迎拍砖.

(A)  Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of

(B)  Native Americans knew the ecology and the land intimately and this enabled them to help in the rescue of

(C)  Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue

(D)  having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land. Native Americans helped the rescue of

(E)   knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue

Choice A suffers from the wordy and indirect expression were a help in the rescuing of. B creates an awkward, redundant, fused sentence in which the first clause has to be repeated in the vague this of the second clause; further­more, the comma required before and in larger compound sentences is omitted. D and E are confusingly worded because they begin with present participles (having and knowing) that appear at first to refer to the immediately preceding noun, newcomers, rather than to Native Ameri­cans. D also has the wordy and unidiomatic helped the rescue of. Clear, direct, and economical, choice C is best.

D和E的现在分词短语有修饰前面newcomers而不是Native Americans之误.也就是说,现在分词放在句子中间还可能作定语修饰前面的名词.

所以...ing 短语放在句子中间要小心啦!

2.即使将making看作修饰后面主句, 其意思是迁都条款的制订是在建图书馆之前,其实原句逻辑意思是:1800年通过的the act of Congress中(可能有若干个),制订了迁都条款的那个act,还established the Library of Congress.       made provision 与established 都是the act of Congress 的内容. OG也有例子为证(261和44).

OG 44.Using a Doppler ultrasound device, fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy.

(A)Using a Doppler ultrasound device, fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy

(B)Fetal heartbeats can be detected by the twelfth week of pregnancy, using a Doppler ultrasound device.

(C)Detecting fetal heartbeats by the twelfth week of pregnancy, a physician can use a Doppler ultrasound device.

(D)By the twelfth week of pregnancy, fetal heartbeats can be detected using a Doppler ultrasound device by a physican

(E)Using a Doppler ultrasound device, a physician can detect fetal heartbeats by the twelfth week of pregnancy.

...Contrary to intent, the wording in Choice C suggests that physicians can use a Doppler ultrasound device after they detect fetal heartbeats.

------所以,怎么也不能选D啦!!

A很好啊,approved 作定语修饰the act of Congress, that made provision 作限定修饰, 除了made provision 之外, also establish blahblah...   that 从句优先修饰中心词act,没错. 而且, act of Congress 关系密切可当作一个整体看待, that 也可以说是修饰the act of Congress, 何来修饰歧义? 如果硬说that made provision有修饰歧义,这话就没法说了,这种修饰太多了, 难道要把act 和of Congress 分开不成?这在OG就更错了, 参考美国文盲造成经济损失那道题(是大全里的吧?),这样分开不可行.

有感而发,一家之言,欢迎拍砖.

哇...算是见识到了

songlovegt

讨论的太精彩了

至于 that 修饰对象歧义问题

Q20: Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.

    

    

关键还是 also 用的好，表达了established 的逻辑主语和 made provision for the removal of 的逻辑主语是一样的，所以避免了 that 指代歧义。