OG12 SC 68 that be什么时候可省略

kikichen1111

68-The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq.
(A) that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were
arising simultaneously with but
(B) that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising
simultaneously with but also
(C) having been cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously but
(D) cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence of centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arising simultaneously but also
(E) cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but

虽然我也知道E较简洁，但原句的that were是可以这么直接省略的吗？直接用cut into作为定语来修饰trench不需要加that+be动词？

忘指点，什么时候定语从句一定要加that be什么时候可以省略啊~ Thx！

clumsy123

我的看法：cut into是过去分词作后置定语修饰 trenches，有时候定语从句和分词都能做定语修饰名词，在两者都能接受的情况下，用分词修饰更好，因为更简洁~