prep中一道关于by doing的题目，大家讨论下哈

小桥依梦

A选项中是a trend ultimately placing
B中 a trend that will ultimately place
秋季入学的女生多只能说明将来女性在领导中占的比例增加，应该是将来时吧~~

qilu8989

Noun modifier usually touches the noun, but except for xxxxxx
one of them is a "mission critical" modifire falls between.
e.g. he has a way OF doing opponents that.....

From Manhattan

baixuefei0524

难道by doing做状语只能修饰前面那个动词----engage?如果这个有修饰不清的歧义，那么其实because of也有歧义嫌疑

babybearmm

"难道by doing做状语只能修饰前面那个动词----engage?"
Unfortunately, there is no this kind of hard-set rules in SC.
All we need to do is to grab the intended meaning of the sentence and apply appropriate language to correctly and effectively express this intended meaning.

This sentence is simply saying (let me paraphrase below):
Although it's legally acceptable for the bank to share customer info, attorney accused the bank of engaging in deceptive business ...

If I were talking, up to this point, you - as a listener/reader- would ask:
"what is the so-called 'deceptive business'"
OR
"how did the bank engage in such 'deceptive business'"

Okay, here comes further explanation -
The bank failed to keep its promise: It had promised to keep its customers' information private, but it did not.

Now, let's look at the sentence:
Although it's legally acceptable for the bank to share customer info, attorney accused the bank of engaging in deceptive business ...
Question: "how did the bank engage in such 'deceptive business'"
Answer: by failing to keep its promise ............

See? We hereby get the perfectly correct sentence:

Even though it was not illegal for the bank to share its customers' personal and financial information
with an outside marketing company in return for a commission on sales, the state's attorney general
accused the bank of engaging in deceptive business practices by failing to honor its promise to its
customers to keep records private.

Again, how can we know that "by failing to ..." is modifying "engaging in deceptive business practices"?
Logic!!
In this sentence, we are NOT interested in how the attorney accused the bank. Whether the attorney did the accusation by legal process (which I am not familiar at all) or by, let's say,  TV show or public speech, whatever - WHO CARES?
What we care is: how (in what ways) did the bank engage in such practices?
Therefore, "by ..." SHOULD modify "engaging in deceptive business practices".

Simply forget about the grammatical nitty-gritties (except a handful of those very fundamentals such as s-v agreement) and let meaning guide you!

--
This question is testing verbal forms, and v-ing (here as a gerund) is appropriate in this case.
After grabbing the meaning of the sentence, I "automatically" choose A - because the beginning should be "by failing ...." and all the rests are wrong!
If you don't understand what I am saying, don't worry. Be sure to check out Ron's lecture on Feb 16, 2012.
http://www.manhattangmat.com/thursdays-with-ron.cfm

难道by doing做状语只能修饰前面那个动词----engage?如果这个有修饰不清的歧义，那么其实because of也有歧义嫌疑

-- by 会员 baixuefei0524 (2012/4/21 18:45:42)

baixuefei0524

首先，PREP07对E的解释是its failing 不好，可是题里明明是its failure，不知道是那个错了。 anyway,先不管D的promise of doing的错误。     看了BABY姐的解释明白很多。那么我想问一下对D/E用because的解释可不可以这么说：1.如果because of 修饰engage,那么翻译过来就是银行因为没有履行对顾客的承诺，所以从事了商业行为。律师对银行参与欺骗的商业行为进行指控。
2.如果because of 修饰 accuse，那么翻译过来就是 因为银行没有履行对消费者承诺，所以律师对银行从事欺骗性商业行为进行指控。这两种都不通顺。


anyway.  尽管这个题目基本上圆满解决，或者说每个题目都可以通过各种方式，比如像baby姐这样热心的回答，可是下一道题还是要我们自己去做，碰到这样的题还是很可能做错。
      复习语法时间不短了，可是还是没有掌握它的精髓。经常逛CD的同学都会耳濡目染，都会知道做语法是语义为王，都知道要勤总结。可是真正做到又是何其的难。
       从一无所知--做OG12只有60的正确率到 有些入门---做VERBAL  78%、PREP07第一部分 76%，始终没有豁然开朗的感觉，绝大多数题目还是要在最后两个选项纠结，靠着所谓的规则结果选出的往往就是错误的答案。
      其实靠做题和总结规律并不难，难的是应用它们，我想着就是GMAT的难处。很多时候做错一道题是用所谓的规则把正确答案排除掉了，比如你用歧义的规则排除答案，可这里偏偏就没有歧义。
   要知道我们需要在一分钟之内读题、排除答案、比较剩余选项，如果同时要真正搞清（注意是真正搞清楚，像baby姐解释的那样）作者要表达的含义，真的很有挑战性。
     不知道各位对于这些问题有何高见，来提高复习的效率

babybearmm

尽管我没太明白你的意思（抱歉，可能是我觉得翻译成中文比较绕吧，反而不如英文好理解），但我看到你从because of的意思出发，我能感受到，你的思路是完全正确的！

Ron在这里说： http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/even-though-it-was-not-illegal-for-the-bank-to-share-t844.html
change in meaning: the correct meaning is what appears in the original sentence, namely, that the failure to honor promises WAS the deceptive business practice.  choice e, with its use of 'because', implies that the failure to keep promises LED TO (other) deceptive business practices.  remember that you have to interpret words like 'because' very, very literally.                
--By Ron

建议你去看看上面那个链接Ron的解说。
我之前主要是侧重正向思路，就说为什么这里一定必须是"by failing to ..."。因为我最近看到的Ron讲解v-ing gerund很多，所以我会从这里突破从而直接选定A. 这也算回答你以及lz的疑问吧。
Ron在这里对那些错误选项的分析非常透彻。GMAT SC题目值得这样从多角度反复研究。

"其实靠做题和总结规律并不难，难的是应用它们，我想着就是GMAT的难处。"
说得太好了~~~

首先，PREP07对E的解释是its failing 不好，可是题里明明是its failure，不知道是那个错了。 anyway,先不管D的promise of doing的错误。     看了BABY姐的解释明白很多。那么我想问一下对D/E用because的解释可不可以这么说：1.如果because of 修饰engage,那么翻译过来就是银行因为没有履行对顾客的承诺，所以从事了商业行为。律师对银行参与欺骗的商业行为进行指控。
2.如果because of 修饰 accuse，那么翻译过来就是 因为银行没有履行对消费者承诺，所以律师对银行从事欺骗性商业行为进行指控。这两种都不通顺。


anyway.  尽管这个题目基本上圆满解决，或者说每个题目都可以通过各种方式，比如像baby姐这样热心的回答，可是下一道题还是要我们自己去做，碰到这样的题还是很可能做错。
      复习语法时间不短了，可是还是没有掌握它的精髓。经常逛CD的同学都会耳濡目染，都会知道做语法是语义为王，都知道要勤总结。可是真正做到又是何其的难。
       从一无所知--做OG12只有60的正确率到 有些入门---做VERBAL  78%、PREP07第一部分 76%，始终没有豁然开朗的感觉，绝大多数题目还是要在最后两个选项纠结，靠着所谓的规则结果选出的往往就是错误的答案。
      其实靠做题和总结规律并不难，难的是应用它们，我想着就是GMAT的难处。很多时候做错一道题是用所谓的规则把正确答案排除掉了，比如你用歧义的规则排除答案，可这里偏偏就没有歧义。
   要知道我们需要在一分钟之内读题、排除答案、比较剩余选项，如果同时要真正搞清（注意是真正搞清楚，像baby姐解释的那样）作者要表达的含义，真的很有挑战性。
     不知道各位对于这些问题有何高见，来提高复习的效率

-- by 会员 baixuefei0524 (2012/4/22 16:45:49)

teddybearj4

好贴！！！赞提问，赞回答，赞思考！