with的问题！！NN们请进~~~

cgzjessieli

关于with的问题，困扰我好久了，虽然论坛上有一些解释，但我还是有点晕~~~

46. (26975-!-item-!-188;#058&003041)
The continental United States receives an average of 30 inches of precipitation a year; transpiration from soil and from plants returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the atmosphere, while the balance of 9 inches contributes to the flow of streams and rivers.
(A) transpiration from soil and from plants returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the
atmosphere, while the balance of 9 inches contributes to the flow
(B) even though transpiration from soil and from plants returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to
the atmosphere, the remainder of 9 inches contribute to the flowing
(C) although transpiration from soil and from plants return approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the
atmosphere, the balance of 9 inches contribute to the flowing
(D) with transpiration from soil and from plants to return approximately 21 inches to the atmosphere,
the rest of the 9 inches contributes to the flow
(E) as transpiration from soil and from plants return approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the
atmosphere, the rest of the 9 inches contribute to the flow
一下是prep笔记里的解释
with 型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:
     with + n. + -ed/ing形式; with + n. + adj.; with + n. + 介词短语 作状语修饰前一个分句的动作类型
词 例:Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on
the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline. with引导的独立主格作状语就
近修饰sleeping
(A) 正确,两个动词returns和contributes都与主语一致,并列用两个并列的句子清晰的表现了降水回归
自然的两种途径.
(B) 主谓不一致,the remainder应该用单数谓语形式,contribute应该改为contributes; flow本身就是名
词形式,不需要用the flowing来表现名词形式.
(C) 主谓不一致,return应该改为returns,同时contribute应该改为contributes; the flowing应该改为the
flow.
(D) 介词with后面不能跟不定式to do,并且将两个并列成分改变为主从成分,从而改变了原句的意思.
(E) as使用有误,句子本意并不是对两个动作进行比较,而是称述两个事实;主谓不一致:return和
contribute均要改为单数形式.
D选项的解释里说‘with不能跟to do’对么？可我见过with+to do 的题啊！！！
作伴随状语时好像就可以+ to do（表示还未发生的状态）啊？
这里with为什么不能做定语修饰an average of 30 inches of precipitation 啊？with不可以作名词的定语么？

谢谢啦，最近发了好多贴~~（不过都石沉海底了~~）

cgzjessieli

要是有NN路过就好了~~with的问题实在是~~~~希望有人能帮我搞定啦！！！！

kikisunflower

with+名词+to do是对的

比如：With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed．

总结下with引导独立主格的用法，其实很简单的撒，不要想复杂了。。。
with引导的独立主格就是修饰成分，主要做状语，有时候也做定语

1. with+名词+介词短语
句子1：He sat there thiking; His chin was on his hand.
把谓语拿掉，加上with，改成独立主格：He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand．

2.  with ＋名词＋形容词
句子2：He stared at his friend; his mouth was wide open.
把谓语拿掉，加上with，改成独立主格：He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open．

3. with ＋名词＋副词
句子3：The production was up by 60%; the company has had another excellent year.
把谓语拿掉，加上with，改成独立主格：With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year．

4. with ＋名词＋名词
5. with ＋名词＋现在分词
6. with ＋名词＋过去分词
7. with ＋名词＋过去分词