句尾非限定性成分修饰小结--> 持续更新

mudiduange

等待AEO

mudiduange

up

mongmong

感谢AEO！！哈哈哈顺带借贴问个
对于句末, doing/done 是不是说如果逻辑上明确的是来修饰句末名词的，那最好还是用，which/, who。。
,doing/done..做状语修饰还是做定语。。。介个会导致句意歧义赶脚很不好判断。。

-- by 会员 nowwsy (2011/4/15 16:01:01)

很久木有见now~
"n., done"结构的话，GMAT官方材料里面done都是做定语的~而这个表达比which is done简洁，所以优于which，当然啦，定从也有它的好处，比如可以表达语气、时态，所以还是用which比较多，但是如果时态和主句一致，且没有多余语气，那么就可以直接用done。
", doing..."如果前面是s.v.o.结构，基本上是做状语的。印象中确实有一个题目是做了定语，但是后来找不到了，暂时把它忽略好了，至少不是prep里面的题目。如果前面是s.linking v.o.结构，那就有多种解释了，可以解释为状语，OG10和OG11里面也解释成过定语，逻辑是相同的。
所以可以这么讲：s.linking v.o., v.ing结构中v.ing可以做定语，其他情况基本都是做状语的。如果要做定语（非限定性修饰），那么要用which...

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/16 0:51:14)

虾米是s.linking v. o.结构

mongmong

比如OG-12-30这题，

有两个疑问，一个是", protecting" 究竟是修饰谁？

OG的解释说the underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment. 对于选项C,OG的解释是 protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of items.

另一个疑问是为何E的解释说 " ,to protect" cannot act as a nonrestrictive adjectival phrase modifying items. 为何不可？

For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
(A) a method to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect
答案: C

aeoluseros

就是主系表哦.

aeoluseros

比如OG-12-30这题，

有两个疑问，一个是", protecting" 究竟是修饰谁？

OG的解释说the underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment. 对于选项C,OG的解释是 protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of items.

另一个疑问是为何E的解释说 " ,to protect" cannot act as a nonrestrictive adjectival phrase modifying items. 为何不可？

For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
(A) a method to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect
答案: C

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/8/3 21:23:19)

1. protecting修饰的是前面整句，但是因为前面是主系表结构，所以也可以理解为修饰修饰主语，而表语和主语是同一个东东，所以也可以理解为修饰表语。
****: remember，"修饰对象"只是一个语法上的说法而已，当没有修饰歧义的时候，就绝对不会有错，一个成分如果可以看作修饰A,B,C等等对象，但是表达的都是完完全全同一个意思，那么就是对的。语法，永远只是逻辑的衍生，一个从逻辑衍生出来的，为了让逻辑表达更为规范的框架。
2. 前面是主系表不是动作，所以无法to do确实专门修饰实义动词的. 就如我们说的是做某某事有什么什么目的，而不是说我是blahblah，是为了…（如“我是中国人，是为了……”），逻辑不通。
****: 中英思维虽有差异，但是基本的逻辑表达是一致的（要不就无法沟通了），所以可以翻译过来看问题在哪里，当我们想象某用法在别处可行，而此处不行时，必然是这个用法用在这里逻辑上除了问题，比如逻辑错误，比如意思不单一。

aeoluseros

AEO，这贴太好了，最近正好被这样一些知识点困扰，请教几点哈：
1、A recent national study of the public schools shows that there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were four years ago.（这个there were为啥用were不用Was呢？）

According to a study by theCarnegieFoundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about as many as are enrolled in the nation’s four-year colleges and universities.

前面两个当然都是正确句子。后面as many as..都跟有动词结构，这种属于什么用法？as many as是连词吗？如果是应该是完整的句子结构，但明显此处省略了部分成分。有点疑惑，求解。

另外，关于第一个句子，就像那位MM说的，为啥后面就变成修饰主语了呢？你解释的在这个选项中， four times as many as 4 years ago. 变成了状语，有点不理解哈。状语一定就是去修饰主语吗？能不能详细解释下

还有一道类似的：
The computer company has announced that it will purchase the color-printing division ofa rival
company for $950 million, which is partofadeal that will make it the largest manufacturer in the
office color-printing market.

(A) million, which is partofadeal that will make
(B) million, a part of a deal that makes
本题B选项，OG和PREP语法笔记都说的是a part of a deal修饰的是million.但根据同位语用法是可以抽象一个名词指代前面的句子，比如本选线，a part of a deal难道不能概括性指代前面的整个句子吗？

2、关于"n., done"结构的话，你讲到“GMAT官方材料里面done都是做定语的~而这个表达比which is done简洁，所以优于which”，我可以理解成这种结构就是就近修饰逗号前的名词吗？

3、关于n,形容词的结构，你讲的很透彻，但我有点疑问。
Scientists have observed large concentrations of heavy-metal deposits in the upper twenty centimeters of Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there.
(A) Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there
(B) Baltic Sea sediments, where the growth of industrial activity is consistent with these findings
(C) Baltic Sea sediments, findings consistent with its growth of industrial activity
(D) sediments from the Baltic Sea, findings consistent with the growth of industrial activity in the area
(E) sediments from the Baltic Sea, consistent with the growth of industrial activity there

此题的E选项，OG给出的解释是consistent illogically describe the Baltic Sea.从这个解释看，consistent被认为是修饰前面的名词，被认为是同位语了。那么问题了，n,形容词这种形式如何判断是伴随状语，如何判断是同位语？
此题我在想是否应该这样理解：consistent with the growth of industrial activity there可以做伴随状语，也可以做同位语，但是做伴随状语，其修饰的逻辑主语是scientists, 明显说不走；做同位语，修饰sediments,也说不走。其真正修饰是前面整句，通过补足findings就解决了这个问题。

比如：He stared at the footprint, full of fear。  如果按照OG的解释，full of fear有可能就是修饰footprint了。
He went to bed, cold and hungry。这里，我们设想下，把and hungry去掉，则变为He went to bed, cold.那么cold说成是修饰he或者bed都没有问题了。

-- by 会员 mudiduange (2011/6/19 10:50:15)

很抱歉刚刚看到mudi的问题...
1. 用there were是因为根据逻辑后面省略的应该是microcomputers，而不是microcomputer.这一点说明了省略的成分不一定要和前面指代的成分单复数完全一模一样。
1.1. as many as中第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词，且第二个as可以兼职做"关系代词"（后面必须接谓语动词）。
1.2. 状语不一定修饰主语，可能修饰的是整个句子，但是状语和被修饰句子的主语结合起来逻辑上需要有意义。
1.3. 其实我也觉得a part of a deal是修饰前面的整个意思，这道题在OG上有吗？

2. 可以，确切讲是前面名词短语的核心词

3. 因为consistent无法形容人，所以就不会修饰到主语，只能非限定性就近修饰了，所以就有了OG那样的解释。

mongmong

就是主系表哦.

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/8/4 12:54:24)

明白~~

mongmong

比如OG-12-30这题，

有两个疑问，一个是", protecting" 究竟是修饰谁？

OG的解释说the underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment. 对于选项C,OG的解释是 protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of items.

另一个疑问是为何E的解释说 " ,to protect" cannot act as a nonrestrictive adjectival phrase modifying items. 为何不可？

For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
(A) a method to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect
答案: C

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/8/3 21:23:19)

1. protecting修饰的是前面整句，但是因为前面是主系表结构，所以也可以理解为修饰修饰主语，而表语和主语是同一个东东，所以也可以理解为修饰表语。
****: remember，"修饰对象"只是一个语法上的说法而已，当没有修饰歧义的时候，就绝对不会有错，一个成分如果可以看作修饰A,B,C等等对象，但是表达的都是完完全全同一个意思，那么就是对的。语法，永远只是逻辑的衍生，一个从逻辑衍生出来的，为了让逻辑表达更为规范的框架。
2. 前面是主系表不是动作，所以无法to do确实专门修饰实义动词的. 就如我们说的是做某某事有什么什么目的，而不是说我是blahblah，是为了…（如“我是中国人，是为了……”），逻辑不通。
****: 中英思维虽有差异，但是基本的逻辑表达是一致的（要不就无法沟通了），所以可以翻译过来看问题在哪里，当我们想象某用法在别处可行，而此处不行时，必然是这个用法用在这里逻辑上除了问题，比如逻辑错误，比如意思不单一。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/8/4 13:02:24)

太开心了，又弄懂一个地方~~真的谢谢aeo童鞋！！

mongmong

比如OG-12-30这题，

有两个疑问，一个是", protecting" 究竟是修饰谁？

OG的解释说the underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment. 对于选项C,OG的解释是 protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of items.

另一个疑问是为何E的解释说 " ,to protect" cannot act as a nonrestrictive adjectival phrase modifying items. 为何不可？

For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
(A) a method to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect
答案: C

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/8/3 21:23:19)

1. protecting修饰的是前面整句，但是因为前面是主系表结构，所以也可以理解为修饰修饰主语，而表语和主语是同一个东东，所以也可以理解为修饰表语。
****: remember，"修饰对象"只是一个语法上的说法而已，当没有修饰歧义的时候，就绝对不会有错，一个成分如果可以看作修饰A,B,C等等对象，但是表达的都是完完全全同一个意思，那么就是对的。语法，永远只是逻辑的衍生，一个从逻辑衍生出来的，为了让逻辑表达更为规范的框架。
2. 前面是主系表不是动作，所以无法to do确实专门修饰实义动词的. 就如我们说的是做某某事有什么什么目的，而不是说我是blahblah，是为了…（如“我是中国人，是为了……”），逻辑不通。
****: 中英思维虽有差异，但是基本的逻辑表达是一致的（要不就无法沟通了），所以可以翻译过来看问题在哪里，当我们想象某用法在别处可行，而此处不行时，必然是这个用法用在这里逻辑上除了问题，比如逻辑错误，比如意思不单一。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/8/4 13:02:24)

不好意思，我又有疑问了。


1. 比如下面这题，这里的absorbing and protecting修饰什么？这个句子既不是svo, slinking v o, or s, which, ving。要如何分析呢？

OG-65. In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Corps of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, so that it absorbs the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches.
(A) act as a buffer, so that it absorbs
(B) act like a buffer so as to absorb
(C) act as a buffer, absorbing
(D) acting as a buffer, absorbing
(E) acting like a buffer, absorb

答案: C

2. 还有下面这题，B选项是该这么分析吗？ 因为原句是svo, ving形式，所以ving做状语（怎么理解这个做状语？状语的意思是修饰整个句子？再追问一句哈，那和伴随是一回事吗？）为什么OG的分析说B里面的growing could refer back to the subject of the sentence (32 species)?

OG 66. The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods.
(A) include the animal known as the killer whale,which can grow to be 30 feet long and is
(B) include the animal known as the killer whale,growing as big as 30 feet long and
(C) include the animal known as the killer whale,growing up to 30 feet long and being
(D) includes the animal known as the killer whale,which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is
(E) includes the animal known as the killer whale,which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is
正确：A