句尾非限定性成分修饰小结--> 持续更新

旅行的蜗牛

非常非常感谢AEO版主的热心回复！！感动ing


可是我想问
55. Many house builders offer rent-to-buy programs
that enable a family with insufficient savings for a
conventional down payment to be able to move into
new housing and to apply part of the rent to a
purchase later.
(A) programs that enable a family with insufficient
savings for a conventional down payment to be
able to move into new housing and to apply
(B) programs that enable a family with insufficient
savings for a conventional down payment to
move into new housing and to apply
(C) programs; that enables a family with insufficient
savings for a conventional down payment to
move into new housing, to apply
(D) programs, which enables a family with
insufficient savings for a conventional down
payment to move into new housing, applying
(E) programs, which enable a family with insufficient
savings for a conventional down payment to be
able to move into new housing, applying

Th e correct answer is B.

错误选项D  applying following a nonrestrictive
clause suggests incorrectly that the builders,
not the family, are applying the rent.

为什么答案给的解释是applying的发出者是主句主语呢，就是想说V-ing句尾不合适动作发出者也应该是从句主语family啊

还有一个问题…既然move into a new house和apply应该是并列的，那为什么不能apply在句尾做现在分词呢，现在分词在句尾不是也可以表示和主句动作同时发生么

拜托版主了……

aeoluseros

看来OG12把这个规则也给模糊化了，OG11-49里面都没有这个解释的。OG12的解释说明结合以前的题目说明 s.v.o.+, which, + doing结构中doing是可以修饰非限定性定从，也可以修饰主句的，修饰哪个要看逻辑是否合理.（这点我认同）。

关于第二个问题，我想到一个句子：
78. Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.
这个句子里面monkeys sleeping都可以被with独立主格伴随修饰。那么OG12-55里面applying应该也是可以修饰to move，并间接修饰to move的逻辑主语family的。

OG直接不解释applying是否会修饰到to move，对此我认为：

apply如果要和to move平行必须用to apply（enable sb. to do sth.），另外to apply和to move不是同时发生的，根据后面的later可以看到to apply其实发生得晚一点。而如果applying做结果状语，自然不需要同时发生的，但也必须是直接结果，而applying显然不能够是move的直接结果。综上applying不能修饰to move和family。

而其对于D的解释的reasoning line，我想应该是这样：

然后继续往前找applying的修饰对象，因为必须是个人，所以不能是which指代的programs，那么继续往前找，找到builders，终于是个人了，可是造成逻辑不合理，最后OG就直接来一句，不能是builders，所以错误。我不喜欢OG12这个解释，它直接就忽略了to move和which非限定性定从的感受，找到builders头上去了。 根据applying能够修饰to do和which非限定性定从的原则，它好歹也应该解释两句（不过我看OG12的解释确实有这个倾向，都点到为止）。

========

大家如果有更好的解释，欢迎探讨。

旅行的蜗牛

这解释太详细了！！膜拜啊
那我可不可以理解为
1.主句，which非限，句尾通常不用V-ing，因为有歧义
2.若想用现在分词在句尾表示动作和主句动作并列，需要严格的同时发生，这个限制很严，所以绝大多数的现在分词在句尾都只是表示结果功能状语？

joyous314

求版主解答问题TT，刚发的新帖
谢谢版主的关于非限定的小结，一定好好理解吸收！

coldice1205

LZ~第二个第3句 ： A recent national study of the public schools shows that there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were four years ago.
这个题的E项为every thirty-two pupils now has one microcomputer, four times as many as 4 years ago. OG 解释说“Choices D and E reorder and garble the "one X ..." construction, making four times as many refer illogically to pupils.”
但按就近修饰理解，4 times as as就该修饰computer啊~
求解释~

aeoluseros

LZ~第二个第3句 ： A recent national study of the public schools shows that there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were four years ago.
这个题的E项为every thirty-two pupils now has one microcomputer, four times as many as 4 years ago. OG 解释说“Choices D and E reorder and garble the "one X ..." construction, making four times as many refer illogically to pupils.”
但按就近修饰理解，4 times as as就该修饰computer啊~
求解释~

-- by 会员 coldice1205 (2011/5/15 18:13:03)

谢谢coldice给出OG的看法！看来这个规律需要纠正。as many as其实也只是一个比较结构的连接词，其后面补出对象遵循比较原则，如果像这句two pupils now has one microcomputer, four times as many as 4 years ago.，只剩下一个状语，那么就默认为是整句概念的对比，因此four times as many as就修饰了前面整句，同时也就是修饰前面整句的主语-->computer。

若雪

LZ~第二个第3句 ： A recent national study of the public schools shows that there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were four years ago.
这个题的E项为every thirty-two pupils now has one microcomputer, four times as many as 4 years ago. OG 解释说“Choices D and E reorder and garble the "one X ..." construction, making four times as many refer illogically to pupils.”
但按就近修饰理解，4 times as as就该修饰computer啊~
求解释~

-- by 会员 coldice1205 (2011/5/15 18:13:03)

谢谢coldice给出OG的看法！看来这个规律需要纠正。as many as其实也只是一个比较结构的连接词，其后面补出对象遵循比较原则，如果像这句two pupils now has one microcomputer, four times as many as 4 years ago.，只剩下一个状语，那么就默认为是整句概念的对比，因此four times as many as就修饰了前面整句，同时也就是修饰前面整句的主语-->computer。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/15 20:01:27)

那么这句： The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, twice as many as the increase of the previous year.    可以知道是the increase of numbers in 1990和 the increase of the number in 1989做比较。那么能不能理解为twice as many as修饰前面整句，即the number rose sharply==> the increase of the numbers？


其实我还是不是很理解为什么twice as many as 是appositive modifier....


谢谢斑竹~~~

若雪

在manhattan上找到了关于Placement of an appositive
In the examples we have seen so far, the appositive is placed immediately after the word it is modifying. This is not, however, the only way in which an appositive can be placed.
First, it is possible for an appositive to be placed before the word or phrase that it modifies. For example, this excerpt from Sentence Correction problem number 72 from The Official Guide for GMAT Review 11th Edition(OG11) shows an appositive placed before the word that it modifies:

“Architects and stonemasons, the Maya built…”

“Architects and stonemasons” represents a non-essential appositive, modifying the noun “Maya.” It is correctly set off from the main clause by a comma.
It is also possible for an appositive to modify an entire preceding noun phrase, rather than only the specific noun that it touches directly. For example, this excerpt from Sentence Correction problem number 113 from The Official Guide for Verbal Review 2nd Edition (VR2, p. 267) shows the problematic placement of a prepositional phrase modifier (not an appositive):

“In A.D. 391, resulting from the destruction of the largest library of the ancient world at Alexandria, …”

According to the explanation for this problem, found on page 322 of VR2:

“The largest library of the ancient world at Alexandria is both cumbersome and ambiguous because it suggests that the ancient world was located at (and only at) Alexandria.”

In other words, this noun modifier in the form of the prepositional phrase “at Alexandria” refers only to the noun “world,” immediately preceding the modifier. The correct answer, found on page 267 of VR2, rephrases this part of the sentence:

“In A.D. 391, as a result of the destruction of the library at Alexandria, the largest of the ancient world, …”

The noun modifier “the largest of the ancient world” is now in the form of an appositive. Logically, of course, it should refer to the noun “library,” but that noun is not the noun immediately preceding the appositive. Rather, the noun “Alexandria” immediately precedes the appositive. The VR2 explanation for this problem goes on to say that this placement is acceptable:

“This problem is best corrected by breaking the series of phrases into two distinct parts: the library at Alexandria, the largest of the ancient world. Here, the second phrase clearly modifies the first.”

In other words, the second phrase, the appositive, is allowed to modify the entire first phrase. It does not have to modify only the immediately preceding noun.


感觉上appositive的修饰也是很灵活的，可以做noun modifier也可以做adverbial modifier. 可以在修饰的词语之前或者之后，或者也可以修饰整个词组，具体还是看句意。

求指教~~~

MarsTOF

新帖留名  慢慢消化。。斑竹V5~~~

mudiduange

AEO，这贴太好了，最近正好被这样一些知识点困扰，请教几点哈：
1、A recent national study of the public schools shows that there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were four years ago.（这个there were为啥用were不用Was呢？）

According to a study by theCarnegieFoundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about as many as are enrolled in the nation’s four-year colleges and universities.

前面两个当然都是正确句子。后面as many as..都跟有动词结构，这种属于什么用法？as many as是连词吗？如果是应该是完整的句子结构，但明显此处省略了部分成分。有点疑惑，求解。

另外，关于第一个句子，就像那位MM说的，为啥后面就变成修饰主语了呢？你解释的在这个选项中， four times as many as 4 years ago. 变成了状语，有点不理解哈。状语一定就是去修饰主语吗？能不能详细解释下

还有一道类似的：
The computer company has announced that it will purchase the color-printing division ofa rival
company for $950 million, which is partofadeal that will make it the largest manufacturer in the
office color-printing market.

(A) million, which is partofadeal that will make
(B) million, a part of a deal that makes
本题B选项，OG和PREP语法笔记都说的是a part of a deal修饰的是million.但根据同位语用法是可以抽象一个名词指代前面的句子，比如本选线，a part of a deal难道不能概括性指代前面的整个句子吗？

2、关于"n., done"结构的话，你讲到“GMAT官方材料里面done都是做定语的~而这个表达比which is done简洁，所以优于which”，我可以理解成这种结构就是就近修饰逗号前的名词吗？

3、关于n,形容词的结构，你讲的很透彻，但我有点疑问。
Scientists have observed large concentrations of heavy-metal deposits in the upper twenty centimeters of Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there.
(A) Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there
(B) Baltic Sea sediments, where the growth of industrial activity is consistent with these findings
(C) Baltic Sea sediments, findings consistent with its growth of industrial activity
(D) sediments from the Baltic Sea, findings consistent with the growth of industrial activity in the area
(E) sediments from the Baltic Sea, consistent with the growth of industrial activity there

此题的E选项，OG给出的解释是consistent illogically describe the Baltic Sea.从这个解释看，consistent被认为是修饰前面的名词，被认为是同位语了。那么问题了，n,形容词这种形式如何判断是伴随状语，如何判断是同位语？
此题我在想是否应该这样理解：consistent with the growth of industrial activity there可以做伴随状语，也可以做同位语，但是做伴随状语，其修饰的逻辑主语是scientists, 明显说不走；做同位语，修饰sediments,也说不走。其真正修饰是前面整句，通过补足findings就解决了这个问题。

比如：He stared at the footprint, full of fear。  如果按照OG的解释，full of fear有可能就是修饰footprint了。
He went to bed, cold and hungry。这里，我们设想下，把and hungry去掉，则变为He went to bed, cold.那么cold说成是修饰he或者bed都没有问题了。