such as和like

tianwan

OG 阅读 43，263题

It can be inferred from the passage that some mechanisms that regulate internal body temperature, like sweating and panting, can lead to which of the following?

为什么这里举例用like而不是such as？凭什么ETS自己用like举例？是不是such as规则已经被颠覆了。

由此联想到这一题jj：

The market for recycled commodities like aluminum and other metals remain strong despite economic changes in the recycling industry.
A. commodities like aluminum and other metals remain
B. commodities like those of aluminum and other metals are remaining
C. commodities such as aluminum and other metals remains
D. commodities,such as aluminum and other metals, remain
E. commodities, like the commodities of aluminum and other metals, remains

E的like就是可以用来举例的！但我们会根据such as规则先否定E的。这不是看没看懂意思的问题，肯定是看懂了，但是考试的时候会根据such as判据否定自己的理解。而且考试的时候哪有时间去纠缠这类问题。

是不是ETS太卑鄙，出尔反尔设立陷阱。不应该啊？

请NN帮忙分析。

1，到底like是不是可以用来举例。

2，考试时碰到理解与判据的冲突，应该怎么办？

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-5-30 20:03:03编辑过]

JerryGuan

公认的理解：

such as举例，前面项目比后面项目的外延大。前面包含后面。

like 相似，前后项目处延一样，同属性事物。前面和后面没有包含关系。

***

然系，楼主给出了两个反例。用了like，却前面项目比后面项目的外延要大，前面包含后面！？？？

我想能否这样理解：只是设想而已

此两例用like是用来我们熟悉的事物，来解释不熟悉的事物。虽然前面比后面大，但总概念是不熟悉的事物，而此总概念事物包括的某一两项事物还是常见的。所以，不能简单理解为举例！

例如sweating and panting是我们熟悉的，可以regulate internal body temperature，用此来解释some mechanisms 这个新事物。

the commodities of aluminum and other metals是我们熟悉的recycled commodities 。

如果此处换作了such as ，虽然前后外延大小满足了公认的标准，但是相当于sweating and panting和其他项目的属性一样，包括被熟悉度也一样，总觉得不利于读者理解：从一个熟悉的事物向不熟悉的事物推演。（插一句无关的话：我记得曾在大学学心理学时，书上说人们认识新事物是从老事物向新事物推演的！）

请NN探讨！

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-5-30 12:16:52编辑过]

mariezhu

天哪,要是这个也推翻,那sc就没法做了啊!

到目前为止,除了commodity那题大家有争论外(这题还不知道ets标准答案),其它的such as和like都很明确.

关于阅读出现用like举例并不奇怪,因为本来sc的语法规则就比正常的standard english还严格一些.

一定要慎重啊,不然我会的

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-5-30 12:24:04编辑过]

JerryGuan

以下是引用mariezhu在2004-5-30 12:21:00的发言：

关于阅读出现用like举例并不奇怪,因为本来sc的语法规则就比正常的standard english还严格一些.

更严格应该更加应该使用SUCH AS 来举例啊~~~何为更严格？

青鸟

以下是引用tianwan在2004-5-30 11:27:00的发言：

OG 阅读 43，263题

It can be inferred from the passage that some mechanisms that regulate internal body temperature, like sweating and panting, can lead to which of the following?

为什么这里举例用like而不是such as？凭什么ETS自己用like举例？是不是such as规则已经被颠覆了。

由此联想到这一题jj：

The market for recycled commodities like aluminum and other metals remain strong despite economic changes in the recycling industry.
A. commodities like aluminum and other metals remain
B. commodities like those of aluminum and other metals are remaining
C. commodities such as aluminum and other metals remains
D. commodities,such as aluminum and other metals, remains
E. commodities, like the commodities of aluminum and other metals, remains

E的like就是可以用来举例的！但我们会根据such as规则先否定E的。这不是看没看懂意思的问题，肯定是看懂了，但是考试的时候会根据such as判据否定自己的理解。而且考试的时候哪有时间去纠缠这类问题。

是不是ETS太卑鄙，出尔反尔设立陷阱。不应该啊？

请NN帮忙分析。

1，到底like是不是可以用来举例。

2，考试时碰到理解与判据的冲突，应该怎么办？

注意这里的陷阱，recycled commodities 并不是aluminum and other metals ，而是commodities  of  aluminum and other metals。所以选e。

一般情况下，such as 优先于like，但是一定要注意陷阱，这里并不是说只能用such as 不能用like.而是，当没有其他的错误的时候，such as比like更好。但是ets不是傻子，当然要出陷阱，不然怎么可能考你呢？

liu_9000

以下是引用JerryGuan在2004-5-30 11:58:00的发言：

公认的理解：

such as举例，前面项目比后面项目的外延大。前面包含后面。

like 相似，前后项目处延一样，同属性事物。前面和后面没有包含关系。

我赞成JerryGuan的观点

这里用like 而不用such as, 句子想表达的不是一种包含关系, 而是一种同等关系. 个人感觉这里句意想强调like后面的每一个都有这种属性;

mariezhu

以下是引用JerryGuan在2004-5-30 12:39:00的发言：

更严格应该更加应该使用SUCH AS 来举例啊~~~何为更严格？

呵呵,我的意思是一般大家举例既可以用such as 也可以用like,但是到了sc就只能用such as(到目前为止),所以sc的语法要求好像更严格,但是阅读考的重点不是语法,所以在语法规则的考虑上就少些. 用了不算错的表达方式就用了

mariezhu

like: used to express similarity: Lemons are like limes.  But look at this mistake:

I want you to buy me some fruits like lemons and limes.

This sentence is most likely wrong because the sentence actually means that I want you NOT to buy me lemons and limes; I want you to buy me some fruits that are SIMILAR TO lemons and limes.

I want you to buy me some fruits such as lemons and limes.

such as can be seen to mean "for example," so this sentence essentially means that I want you to buy me lemons and limes and perhaps any other similar fruit.

weiyu

严重同意mariezhuMM的解释：

参考OG:

208. Teratomas are unusual forms of cancer because they are composed of tissues such as tooth and bone not normally found in the organ in which the tumor appears.

(A) because they are composed of tissues such as tooth and bone

(B) because they are composed of tissues like tooth and bone that are

(C) because they are composed of tissues, like tooth and bone, tissues

(D) in that their composition, tissues such as tooth and bone, is（E）

(E) in that they are composed of tissues such as tooth and bone, tissues

Only E, the best choice, clearly states that teratomas consist of tissues such as tooth and bone, and that such tissues are not normally found in the organ with the teratoma. Clear statement of this fact requires the repetition of tissues to establish the appositive—tissues normally found.... Without such repetition, A and B imprecisely state that the tooth and bone, as opposed to the tissues, are not normally found in the affected organ. Choices B and C alter the meaning with the use of like, that is, they suggest that the tissues are not tooth and bone, but only like them.[注意不用LIKE的原因！！！] The confused syntax of D states that their composition, not the tissues, is found in the organ....

红字部分说明like bones and teeth说明bones and teeth不是tissues，只是象tissues.

这里不可以选E，除非你认为commodities of aluminum不是commodities，但这违反常识

To be discussed....

tianwan

所以当时我立刻就选了C，such as。可是很多大牛都认为是E。

哎，此题是偶心中的隐痛。

(不好意思，D的remains应该是remain，我已经改了。)