请教两到og上的题，还有which的用法

txsnowsea

这两天把og的270多道语法题又做了一遍并详细看了一遍解释。觉得又豁然不少。当然还是有几个问题需要请教一下。
1，which 在什么情况下指代不能明确啊。比如一下这个题，
1) The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods.

A. include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is
B. include the animal known as the killer whale, growing as big as 30 feet long and
C. include the animal known as the killer whale, growing up to 30 feet long and being
D. include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is
E. include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is

答案选A，which指代那个killer whale，可有时，which也是以这样的形式出现（在逗号后面），却不能指代前面的名字。为什么？

2，as a means to 和as a means of用法区别是什么

3，Recently physicians have determined that stomach ulcers are not caused by stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but a bacterium that dwells in the mucous lining of the stomach.
A. not caused by stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but
B. not caused by stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but are by
C. caused not by stress, alcohol, or rich foods, but by
D. caused not by stress, alcohol, and rich foods, but
E. caused not by stress, alcohol, and rich foods, but are by


答案选c。我想问的是可不可说，not casued by stress，alchohol，and rich foods，but by？

4.，dirt road cost twice as much to maintain as paved road to这个可以换成下面那个吗。
dirt road cost to maintian twice as much as paved road to
5，Originally developed for detecting

Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced x-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.

(A) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced x-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,

(B) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, having the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, a technique called proton induced x-ray emission

(C) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced x-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,

(D) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced x-ray emission, which has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying it,

(E) A technique that was originally developed for detecting air pollutants and has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying the substance, called proton-induced x-ray emission,


选A，这里的which指的是emission还是technique？哎，我就是不明白有时，逗号后面的which不对，有时对。。。现在找不到逗号后面用which不对的列子。

6.In no other historical sighting did Halley's comet cause such a worldwide sensation as did its return in 1910-1911.

A. did its return in 1910-1911
B. had its 1910-1911 return
C. in its return of 1910-1911
D. its return of 1910-1911 did
E. its return in 1910-1911

选C,不明白到底在说什么。

不好意思问题有点多。。谢谢你们的回复。

chillstone

1, which指代要看语境的.根据意思理解. 一般指代不清指的是
A of B in C  这样复杂的介词结构,就无法明确知道指代什么了
4， 不可以的吧, 前后是两种路cost什么作比较，to maintain说两遍重复，可以省略
6， 哈雷彗星的到来没有哪次能像1911年那次一样引起别人的关注，比较的是In any historical sighting 和 in its return of 1910-1911。

其他问题我不是很确定。

花子落落

2.Means of A指A这种方法
means to A指达到A的方法

花子落落

5.a technique called proton-induced x-ray emission
proton-induced x-ray emission 是一个事物，不要拆分，这个事物就是technique

yoko87

比较不同，找平行。
1. 看到and is， 应该找前面与is 对应的动词，剩下A.D。
as big as后面没有接量词的这种说法。所以A。

3.有but，找平行的。就是not by 。。， but by，，，
5. 找主干：a techinique is finding.....

yoko87

另：如果一下子理解不了，可以多看几遍。
我虽然没有把OG 看19遍那么多，但是也至少看了10遍。

确实是每次看都有不同的收获。后来考试的时候SC基本上是不超过40s。

考完了，过来看看，发现自己还是记得这些东西的。
加油吧。

xmlvivian

which指代的2种情况：
1、紧邻修饰
一般情况下，“名词，which”中的which是就近修饰紧邻的名词的。这种例子多的不胜枚举。
一般例子就不用举了，只举个比较特别例子“A of B, which”（注：这里的of表示从属关系）
但是需要注意的是，在“SVO,which”句型中，which就近修饰o,如果Which指代S一定错误，which如果指代主语，这样使用:s+verb,which，此时
2、跳跃修饰
在前有“核心词+介词、分词等修饰结构”或者插入语的情况下，which跳跃修饰前面的核心词，不能修饰紧邻的名词。（例如：England passed the Woolens Act of 1698, which prohibited the export of woolen cloth beyond a colony's borders. 此时Which 修饰act  因为of 1698表时间概念，而不是从属关系。）