一道真题供讨论

dashasha

LES mm，我跟TONY的想法一样，关键是顺序问题，C的顺序不对。Corporations have found a resonably quick resolution of disputes, confidentiality, and dramatically reduced costs are the advantages of settling differences privately by using mediators rather than the courts.

(C)that dramatically reduced costs, confidentiality, and resonably quick resolution of disputes

C可以理解成dramatically reduced costs, (dramatically reduced) confidentiality

括号里的东西加上还是不加上呢？所以有歧义。

LES

谢谢dashasha mm 和Tony，偶明白了，D最大程度上避免了歧义。

JerryGuan

TONY、dreadpower、LES选D    gigi、marie选B

争论焦点一：

1、许多人说reduced costs不可以是advantages，而TONY说可以；

2、dreadpower说：dramatic reduction of costs强调reduction，原文意思上要修饰cost，不对。

争论焦点二：

1、(B)that dramatic reduction of costs, confidentiality, and resonably quick resolution of disputes有歧义

(B) that dramatic reduction of costs, confidentiality, and resonably quick resolution of disputes

(B)that dramatic reduction of costs, confidentiality, and resonably quick resolution of disputes

####参考：http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&star=1&replyid=452087&id=52477&skin=0&page=1

2、(C)that dramatically reduced costs, confidentiality, and resonably quick resolution of disputes有歧义

(C)that dramatically reduced costs, confidentiality, and resonably quick resolution of disputes

争论焦点三：

resolution前要不要加冠词？

**********************

倒底哪一个对？（我选B）

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-5-27 22:04:49编辑过]

LES

Jerry, 不好意思，偶又改啦。 选B。

偶原来的主要困惑是of 与 and的归属问题，即引起歧义问题。经gigi指点后明白了。

排除了歧义问题，矛头就指向逻辑意思问题了，究竟是reduced cost 还是 the reduction of cost ？说实在的偶是到现在也没搞清楚。但是选B的理由是三个抽象名词并列。这样想不知道对不对？

LES

啊又来牛人啦。pumpkin mm 欢迎，欢迎！

咳偶是晕死了！

刚发了上面的帖子后看到 Jerry 对 in > and > of 理论的质疑，又糊涂了。

现在不知道选什么！！！

dashasha mm，Tony，快来说说你选D 的具体理由，特别是说其他有歧义的原因！

偶要等大牛，小牛统一意见！

tianwan

reduced costs, quick resolution. 并列。而且A是reduced costs，C没有改意思。

偶选C。

jetrong

请看OG128

128. New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.

(A) requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties

(B) requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation

(C) requirements for application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation of earlier high-yielding varieties

(D) application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation that was required by earlier high-yielding varieties（E）

(E) irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties

Choice E, the best answer, clearly and grammatically expresses the idea that two costly procedures, irrigation and the application of... fertilizer, were required by earlier high-yielding varieties of rice. In A, the placement of by earlier... varieties immediately after application of fertilizer suggests that the varieties applied the fertilizer. In B and D, the phrase application of... fertilizer and irrigation is ambiguous in meaning: it cannot be clearly determined whether applying fertilizer and irrigating are a single operation or two distinct operations. In C, only irrigation—not both irrigation and fertilization—is clearly associated with the earlier... varieties of rice.

A选项中，N1 of N2 and N3是有歧义的，所以E选项中变成了 N3 and N1 of N2,从而避了歧义!

所以我觉得在讨论的真题中D答案是对的，不会引起歧义!

请NN指点!

X_TonY_X

这个, 见仁见智吧.

我只是觉得, reduced costs可以用(注意confidentiality本身也是一种state of fact), 所以改成dramatic 就有问题. 然后因为confidentiality是绝对不可数, costs 是复数, a resolution 用得更多一些, 而且"a"直接讲出了用的是resolution这个多义词(其中有些用法不可数,有些可数)的那个意思,即solution. 考的应该是不定冠词的使用和省略, 还有歧义, 我觉得D的顺序比较好. Again, C里面

that dramatically reduced costs, confidentiality, and resonably quick resolution of disputes

看了3秒种后会觉得没任何问题, 但是想想OG那道谁给谁写信讲了火山爆发的题目, ETS是在说任何微小歧义的消除都是有区别的.

继续讨论.

LES

以下是引用mariezhu在2004-5-22 12:05:00的发言：

I got a question about D. In this sentence, if it is ok to put an article, about which I have a serious dout, before the third element in the comparison, can we just violate the parallelism by omiting the other two necessary articles before the first two elements?

marie, 这个倒不是什么问题，涉及零冠词的使用：
reduced costs：复数可数名表一类事物时，可以不用冠词；
confidentiality：同理，抽象名词前也可不加冠词；
resolution：若作为可数名词时，不可以单独使用，一定要加限定词，加a/an 表示泛指。

所以，就此点而言是没有问题的。

mariezhu

以下是引用LES在2004-5-28 15:50:00的发言：

marie, 这个倒不是什么问题，涉及零冠词的使用：
reduced costs：复数可数名表一类事物时，可以不用冠词；
confidentiality：同理，抽象名词前也可不加冠词；
resolution：若作为可数名词时，不可以单独使用，一定要加限定词，加a/an 表示泛指。

所以，就此点而言是没有问题的。

关于这一点lesMM请看看这个帖子里的这段话:

A second point is to make sure that once you have chosen the kind of grammatical forms you want to make parallel, you structure them symmetrically. Remember that an initial article, preposition, auxiliary verb, or modifier will tend to govern all elements in the series unless it is repeated for each element. For example, if you set up a series of nouns with the first modified by an adjective, the reader will expect the adjective to modify the rest of the series as well. Thus you should say The building has new lighting, plumbing, and carpeting but not The building has new lighting, plumbing, and different carpeting. The same is true for articles: He brought the rod, reel, and bait. If you want to restrict a modifier to only one noun, repeat the article for each noun: He brought the light rod, the reel, and the bait.