OG12蓝皮SC75(that和which的指代问题)

jbc88

which是可以跳过介词短语或者插入语的，但是不能跳过谓语动词。但这题中which跳跃多远都不对，这里WHICH是指代前面整个句子的意思，而这在GMAT中是一定错的。sediments are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there逻辑意思有错误，只有finding，result，means，forms之类的抽象名词才能be consistent with ,   某个具体的东西不行。

-- by 会员 kevin0214 (2010/11/6 23:11:33)

恩，多谢回复。 我想让你看一下OG12 紫皮，107，的C选项。那个里面的which为啥不能跳过介词短语或者插入语，指代 技术 呢 ？

jbc88

GWD-10-Q2: GWD-11-10
Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.

Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is

Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is

Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become

Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become

Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,


这题OA为C。 B为啥不好？

kevin0214

which是可以跳过介词短语或者插入语的，但是不能跳过谓语动词。但这题中which跳跃多远都不对，这里WHICH是指代前面整个句子的意思，而这在GMAT中是一定错的。sediments are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there逻辑意思有错误，只有finding，result，means，forms之类的抽象名词才能be consistent with ,   某个具体的东西不行。

-- by 会员 kevin0214 (2010/11/6 23:11:33)

恩，多谢回复。 我想让你看一下OG12 紫皮，107，的C选项。那个里面的which为啥不能跳过介词短语或者插入语，指代 技术 呢 ？

-- by 会员 jbc88 (2010/11/7 13:26:39)

首先，可以跳跃不是意味着必定跳跃，当which前面有很多个名词的时候，不是只要有一个正确，which就会自动地正确地指代到那个词的。相反，GMAT会优先判断这是修饰混乱。所以，最好不要有跳跃指代，如果非跳不可，最好是使用单复数区分which的指代词。
目前只见过A of B,which可以指代A，还有，A in B，which可以指代A，主要都发生在介词短语中。A选项可以我理解是因为CALLED从句表达的只是tech的另一个名字而已，本质上是同一东西，指代谁逻辑上都没有歧义。目前我找到的which强悍地跳跃，无视前面的名词的非常少，而且基本都不出现在选项中，都是未画线部分。

大全320From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage yet was so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.

大全561. One pervasive theory explains the introduction of breakfast cereals in the early 1900s as a result of the growing number of automobiles, which led to a decline in horse ownership and a subsequent grain glut
大全775 . The Forbidden City in Beijing, from which the emperors ruled by heavenly mandate, was a site which no commoner or foreigner could enter without permission, on pain of death.

大全775 . The Forbidden City in Beijing, from which the emperors ruled by heavenly mandate, was a site which no commoner or foreigner could enter without permission, on pain of death.

jbc88

多谢你的回复。

请你再看下这个例子：
In California, a lack of genetic variation in the Argentine ant has allowed the species to spread widely; due to their being so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider all their fellows to be a close relative and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony struggles that limits the spread of this species in its native Argentina.
C.      because it is so genetically similar, the ant considers all its fellows to be close relatives and thus does not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony struggles that limits

D.      because they are so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider all their fellows to be close relatives and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony struggles that limit
这里很多人认为答案是C。 我不懂，这里的that指代the kind？这样什么句意呢？还有人说that指代the kind of fierce intercolony struggles。那么，难道 that 可以指代 A OF B or A or B...

还有就是上上面的那题，which的指代又是什么呢？

jbc88

目前只见过A of B,which可以指代A

-- by 会员 kevin0214 (2010/11/11 17:33:38)

请你看一下OG12 的85题。。那题就是 A of B,which可以指代B。再次感谢你的教诲

kevin0214

目前只见过A of B,which可以指代A

-- by 会员 kevin0214 (2010/11/11 17:33:38)

请你看一下OG12 的85题。。那题就是 A of B,which可以指代B。再次感谢你的教诲

-- by 会员 jbc88 (2010/11/11 21:02:12)

绝大部分A of B，which的结构都是修饰B的，指代A是少数，指代B是多数。

GWD-10-Q2: GWD-11-10
Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.

Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is

Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is

Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become

Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become

Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,

这题OA为C。 B为啥不好？
因为选B会有which修饰telephone的错误，which应该修饰radio的。虽然which可以跳跃，但是逻辑上都可以完成从句动作的时候，应该是就近优先的，即使逻辑上完成不了从句的动作，跳跃也难保不会被判错，所以尽可能不跳跃修饰。我的理解是这样的，既然GMAT题干中曾经用到可以跳跃的which，那么说明which跳跃是可以接受的，但是正确选项中很少出现过which跳跃修饰的情况，几乎都被其他结构替代了，这说明如果有可以替代的正确选项，那么尽量不要选跳跃修饰的which，因为确实还是可能有歧义的。
C可以避免歧义，it一般不指代介词短语中的名词，优先指代主语，如果主语是人或者复数不能指代，则指代宾语，我不知道这题的radio还算不算宾语，但是至少你读出这个句子的时候，它确实相当于一个宾语，至少算一个核心词。

the kind of 是“这种”的意思， the kind of fierce intercolony struggles 的核心词不是kind，跟其他A of B结构不一样，其他的结构核心词大部分是A，of B是所有格。之所以有时跳跃指代A就因为A是核心词，这里的kind应该算是一个习惯短语中的一部分，the kind of已经变成一种定语的存在了吧。

jbc88

In California, a lack of genetic variation in the Argentine ant has allowed the species to spread widely; due to their being so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider all their fellows to be a close relative and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony struggles that limits the spread of this species in its native Argentina.
C.      because it is so genetically similar, the ant considers all its fellows to be close relatives and thus does not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony struggles that limits

D.      because they are so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider all their fellows to be close relatives and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony struggles that limit


我的错~ 我把答案给打错了。但答案给的是C。这题其实是道争议题。如果按照你的解释，你也会选D吧？

kevin0214

这题都有争议么……我选D，不说后面的修饰问题，C前半句都很诡异， it is so genetically similar是什么意思……一个东西能相似么?

sjmdlyc

这个题看来不仅仅难道了我一个啊~谢谢大家的点拔~

jbc88

这题都有争议么……我选D，不说后面的修饰问题，C前半句都很诡异， it is so genetically similar是什么意思……一个东西能相似么?

-- by 会员 kevin0214 (2010/11/13 15:30:38)

我想说我也选了D，但答案是C。

不知道为什么，我这份GWD答案暴准，我至今没发现错的答案。。所以。。我再看看吧