prep95,96,99分词做伴随的总结

peter3008

先看我从论坛里面搜的关于分词表伴随的归纳,红色的是我自己修改的

1.-ed在句末,不管有无逗号,不表示伴随结果,都是就近修饰名词

2.现在分词在句末时，无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语；
3.当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,修饰邻近句子的谓语动词,做谓语动词的伴随状语(其逻辑主语等于句子的主语)或做句子的伴随结果(无逻辑主语)(as a result of 与分词做的伴随结果状语功能一样,and so 也表示因果关系) .因此不能用句尾现在分词(前面加逗号)修饰前面句尾的名词.特别要注意伴随结果与因果并列句的比较和区别
4.当现在/过去分词在句中且前没有逗号,修饰前面紧邻名词;
5.当现在/过去分词在句中且前后都有逗号,有歧义:1)修饰前面紧邻的名词,2)向后修饰后面句子的主语.(夹心饼干)

6.在前面有多个名词如名词1+介词+名词2结构,而要用分词修饰名词1时,为避免歧义要重复名词1即用同位语结构:名词1+介词+名词2,名词1+分词.
(http://forum.chasedream.com/archiver/GMAT_SC/thread-67369-2.html)



补充4道分词在句尾的prep 题目:

95.(29661-!-item-!-188;#058&003962)

Unlike frogs that metamorphose from tadpoles into adults within a one-year period, it takes three to four years for the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada to reach adulthood, and so they are restricted to deeper bodies of water that do not dry up in summer or freeze solid in winter.

(D) mountain yellow-legged frogs of the Sierra Nevada take three to four years until they reach adulthood, thus

(E) mountain yellow-legged frogs of the Sierra Nevada take three to four years to reach adulthood, and so they are

",-ed分词在 句尾" 不表示伴随结果状语, 明显的take three to four years 跟 restrict有明显的因果的关系. (E) 如果我用 thus restricting 可不可以呢? (请NN指教)



96. In some species of cricket, the number of chirps per minute used by the male for attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can in fact serve as an approximate thermometer.

(D) to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and it can in fact serve
(E) to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact possibly serving


(D) 这题比较有意思,in fact 跟 possibly是矛盾的所以不能用, 如果改成possibly serving 也是不行的,笔记上说是因为possible 与 can 表达的意思不一样,我认为是",-ing句尾" 做伴随状语,是要前面整句话来作为原因,-ing表示的是伴随这句话导致的结果, (ETS通常会出,which 来指代前面一句话这样的迷惑选项,如prep-99选项C) serve as +n. (function as+n) 整句话 serve as n. 借鉴一下平行结果的概念, 一句话是不能serve as 一样东西的(即n)

99.A study of food resources in the North Pacific between 1989 and 1996 revealed that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing sea surface temperatures during the same period.

(A) that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing

(B) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, possibly as a result of an increase in

(C) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because of food supplies, which were dwindling possibly as a result of increasing

(B) 光看 选项A, " ,+ resulting from" 多漂亮的结构啊, ",+-ing" 做伴随,一种做伴随结果,另一种做伴随动作或者状态.
伴随结果,不可能, resulting from+原因. 与伴随结果矛盾. 伴随动作或者状态,查看其逻辑主语,方法:找-ing修饰的动词然后看其动词的主语. resulting 修饰的是suffer,逻辑主语是creatures, creatures suffer是increasing Temp的原因,不符合逻辑.而选项b as a result of 中as 指代food supplies were dwindling 作为an increase in sea surface temperaturesd 的结果,逻辑合理. 另外, an increase in 表达比较清楚, ETS 喜爱用 increase (n.) 多于 用 increasing.

open to discuss!!!

制约与平衡

你的95题，要是换成restricting的话如何表达这种被动的关系呢？

peter3008

把mountain yellow-legged frogs of the Sierra Nevada take three to four years to reach adulthood作为一个整体来看,这件事情restricting frog

matchMichelle

嗯嗯。我也想知道那样改行不行啊~~~我是觉得可以啊~~~

samuelxie

–ing分词短语在句尾：
1） 表伴随动作或状态，与句子谓语动作同时发生，逻辑主语等于句子主语
2） 表伴随结果，整个句子是原因，导致分词动作（结果）的产生，无逻辑主语。可以在分词前面加thus，thereby，in effect等，也可以不加
对这第二种情况，要注意，句子，V-ing表结果的时候，在逻辑上，前面的句子所陈述的原因必须能够导致后面的-ing形式所表示的结果发生，才可以用此形式，否则不能用；还有一种可能是，前面的句子是结果，后面的句子是原因，这种情况下就不能简单的用这种形式，而应该用and so they are 或as a result of 的形式。
句子（原因），V-ing结果；
句子（结果），so 句子(原因) 或 as a result of 短语（原因）

samuelxie

楼主呢总结的很到位，总结出了笔记没有意识到的内容；  在楼主的基础，总结了一下。 个人认为这种认识是正确的，且有重大意义，是一种命题形式。应与重视。

请斑竹加精推荐，共同完善，以利来者。

horsecc

嗯 有收获

perain

非常值得马克一下~

xsforever

mark

dcrh86

我好困惑 你看 你说-ed在句末不表示因果，这个96 明显不在句末 然后就直接不能用因果 。。。。