E) those charging = those institutions which charge
d) as charge, have you seen a verb immediately follows the second "as" of the phrase "as ... as ..." in everyday English? If not, charge is a noun, which is odd in the example shown.
E) those charging = those institutions which charge
d) as charge, have you seen a verb immediately follows the second "as" of the phrase "as ... as ..." in everyday English? If not, charge is a noun, which is odd in the example shown.