求助OG两道，OG12-86和OG12-87

luopite

86.The result of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
C.which have increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after falling.
E.with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after having fallen.
正解C，我选的是E。
OG: This sentence describes two sequentially ordered indicators by which the results of a company's cost-cutting measures can be seen. The first indicator to be identified, a 5 percent increase in profits, occured after the indicator mentioned next. The sentence therefore needs to clarify the sequence by presenting the first-indentified indicator in a clause with a verb tense that indicates a later time period than the verb tense in the clause presenting the second-indentified indicator
这话说的是什么意思……是指的时间状语的前后关系应该和动词的时态一致么？
解释说E是错的，it is not clear what connection is being described by with.为什么用with不对呢？

87. In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell, and they are.
B.are priced to sell. and they have
C are priced to sell, and they do
D.are being priced to sell, and have
E.had been priced to sell, and they have
这句话什么意思？如果说they后面补出助动词的话应该和前面的哪个动词对应呢？
另外还想请问，分号的作用是用来解释的吗？是不是分号分开的句子都应该是有主谓的完整句子呢？

还请各位大虾多施援手，及时让小弟脱离SC的苦海吧

luopite

顶一下，看过的筒子们如果有什么看法请不吝赐教，集思广益啦

luopite

都没人理么？难道是问的问题太BC了？

flyingblue12

第一题，贴08语法笔记摘抄：

题目释义：The results … are evident in its profits, which have increased 5% during the first three months of this year…

考点：
句子结构（grammatical construction）逻辑意思（logical prediction）

1.with独立主格结构：

由“with＋宾语＋宾补”构成的复合结构，在句中可作状语，表示伴随。这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当：

Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.

2.时态问题。

3.AlienX: after having done something是不可能对的

1)after已表示the sequence of events.没有必要用having done来表示前后

2)可是after someone/something has/have done something是acceptable; 如果变成after someone/something did something也可以

选项分析：
A.increased和have increased都是可以的，如果这个句子是3个月结束后马上写的那么用have increased，如果是再晚一些之后写的，那就用increased；it指代profits单复数错误。

B.没有明显的过去的过去的标志，从句的时态用过去完成时错误；it错误同A。

C.Correct；after falling简洁，状语从句的省略。

D.with独立主格修饰前面的分句，而不是its profits，修饰错误；falling的逻辑主语也成了results，错误。

E.with错误同D；after having done错误。


第二题，分号连接两个层次不一样但是有联系的完整句子。对于比较，贴语法笔记内容：
比较-主语比较

1.对主谓宾全的句型主语比较：A do sth than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）。时态要据后定。There be 句型等同于一般的主谓宾俱全的句型。

主语若相同，可省，但助动词不能省。如：

As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate,[fewer people]will enter the labor force [in the 1980’s] than (few people
省略)did [in the 1960’s and 1970’s],
a twenty-year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.

2.对只有主谓（如果主语有定语成分，必须要that/those来指代），没有宾语的句子，因为没有宾语，只可能有主语比较，因而不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语，所以其比较形式如下：

I eat faster than you.注意与下句区别 I eat apple faster than you do 如果写成 I eat apple faster than you 按GMAC的理解，从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。

3.主系表结构的比较与主谓结构相同。如果时态不一致，则需补出助词，如：

The economy of Florida
is more diversified than it was ten years ago比较-主语比较

1.对主谓宾全的句型主语比较：A do sth than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）。时态要据后定。There be 句型等同于一般的主谓宾俱全的句型。

主语若相同，可省，但助动词不能省。如：

As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate,[fewer people]will enter the labor force [in the 1980’s] than (few people
省略)did [in the 1960’s and 1970’s], a twenty-year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.
2.对只有主谓（如果主语有定语成分，必须要that/those来指代），没有宾语的句子，因为没有宾语，只可能有主语比较，因而不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语，所以其比较形式如下：

I eat faster than you.注意与下句区别 I eat apple faster than you do 如果写成 I eat apple faster than you 按GMAC的理解，从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。

3.主系表结构的比较与主谓结构相同。如果时态不一致，则需补出助词，如：

The economy of Florida
is more diversified than it was ten years ago

luopite

感谢这位大大详细的解释，非常受用

暮湘寒

请问C选项的after falling补全了是什么？they are falling?为什么会是现在进行时？已经停止跌了，开始涨了啊~~而且last two year 不应该是过去时were 吗？不是说时态不一致不能省略吗

luopite

请问C选项的after falling补全了是什么？they are falling?为什么会是现在进行时？已经停止跌了，开始涨了啊~~而且last two year 不应该是过去时were 吗？不是说时态不一致不能省略吗

-- by 会员 暮湘寒 (2010/9/26 10:29:25)

个人理解，falling是现在分词用来修饰which指代的prifits, 因为over the last two years, profits fall的动作是持续重复的，所以表示持续重复的动作是可以用现在分词来做修饰成分的。