prep2008 -sc 语法笔记勘误、查漏专贴

babybearmm

另外这道题A选项的解释：
“Increased和have increased都可以，只是表达的意义不同，如果这句话写于今年3月底，那么就用haveincreased，要是写于4月及以后就用increased(此处与OG12的解释略有不同)” _from语法笔记

我不同意这个解释。我觉得总的来说，increased和have increased都可以，不管这句话写于什么时候，至少这句话肯定写于事件（profits increased five percent during the first three monthsof this year）发生之后。根据Manhattan SC，过去完成时含义，二选一：过去事件仍然持续，或者过去事件虽结束但对现在产生影响。



我建议如下解释：

increased和have increased都可以。
如果单纯表示过去事件，用一般过去时；如果是过去发生的事件持续到现在，或者强调过去事件对现在产生影响，就用现在完成时。
另外，"Do not use the perfect tenses when the simple tenses will do.  The GMAT prefers simplicity. " (Manhattan SC Page 110) 即如果要用现在完成时，必须是逻辑上需要的时候！这里，我们可以用现在完成时，来强调过去事件(profit increase)对现在("The results ... are evident")产生影响。

prep 08, p72, 220题
个人认为语法笔记上关于时态的解释不好。我把在这个讨论贴里的发过来：
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-645735-1-1.html

“B. after it had fallen时态上没有问题，可以与over the last two years搭配，但是不如after falling简洁” _from语法笔记

这个解释不准确。把B选项代入原句
The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits,
B.      which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
那么整个句子的时态就是：一般现在时，过去完成时，过去完成时
发现问题了么？就是时态间存在gap——跳跃了过去时。Manhattan那本书里面说过在一个句子里面时态不能有"gap" （p111),比如不能：
The scientist BELIEVED that the machine WILL BE wonderful.
所以B选项时态就是错的。改成which increased ... after it had fallen就对，也表明了时间顺序的逻辑关系，也可以是which have increased ... after it fell。这两者之间我更倾向于后者（前者也不能说错吧），原因是从逻辑上理解，
The results ... are evident in its profits, which
主句are一般现在时，用现在完成时能够很好的表达“过去的事情对现在产生影响”这个逻辑含义，所以更preferred。

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/1/16 2:20:35)

幸福肚妞儿

babybearmm

关于这道题，语法笔记给的补充说明部分，我有些异议，请斑竹鉴定，谢谢~

166.      (27466-!-item-!-188;#058&002355)
Theperiod when the great painted caves at Lascaux and Altamirawere occupied by Upper Paleolithic peoples has been established by carbondating, but what is much more difficult to determine are the use to whichprimitive peoples put the caves, the reason for their decoration, and themeaning of the magnificently depicted animals.
A. hasbeen established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determineare
B. havebeen established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determineare
C. havebeen established by carbon dating, but that which is much more difficult to determineis
D. hasbeen established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determineis
E. areestablished by carbon dating, but that which is much more difficult todetermine is
语法笔记说：

------------------------------------------------------------------

主谓一致：
1.       what引导的名词性从句中从句谓语动词的单复数情况：
 what后面“什么时候用单数,什么时候用复数”根据动词后面的名词的单复数来定.
2.       what引导的名词性从句做主语时，主句谓语动词的单复数情况：
(1)What在从句中做主语，主句谓语由what从句的谓语决定。
            1) Whatis difficult to understand is A.；What are difficult to understand are A and B.
(2)what在从句中做宾语，主句谓语由主句表语/宾语决定whatthey want are XX,XX&XX。
2) What his fatherleft him are a few English books.
------------------------------------------



我觉得，这个补充说明似乎有错.......（当然，对这道题答案本身没有异议）
根据
1. Manhattan SC那本书p.42     "what ....." 这个结构叫做subject phrase/clause，整体作为一个subject，是永远单数的，跟这个clause”内部结构“没关系

2. Manhattan GMAT论坛上Ron的发言（见本贴最后），两个要点：
        a) 在"X  is/are Y"这种结构中，谓语遵从X，而不是Y

        b) 当且仅当is/are前面部分不存在legistimate subject的时候，才跟从后面的Y来决定谓语动词单复数

综合以上两点，”what引导的名词性从句”是一个legitimate subject，且是singular subject，那么谓语动词一律用单数，和这个”what引导的名词性从句”的内部结构无关。
基于此我认为，以上摘录的笔记中的解释有问题，给出的这两个例句也有问题：
What are difficult to understand are A and B.
What his fatherleft him are a few English books
第2个句子的are肯定该用is.
第1个句子，似乎第2个are应该改称is?? 我也不太确定....

至于笔记中的“类似题链接”，我觉得给的解说也不合理。这题从整体上看，主语是单数"the work"（而不是what引导的名词从句），所以B选项的describes没有问题的。这题关键是在于what引导的名词从句的内部，"are"和"tiles"匹配；且逻辑含义上看需要用"turned out to ..."

总之我觉得，这道题作为“类似题链接”放在这里，不能诠释what引导的名词从句作为主语的agreement的问题。

呼唤NN鉴定



Reference：

以下from Ron@Manhattan GMAT

http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/painted-caves-at-lascaux-and-altamira-t7994-15.html



in a sentence that has the construction "X is Y" -- if both X and Y are nouns/noun phrases/noun clauses -- the subject is X.
always.
therefore, the following two sentences are both correct:
the last three questions were the hardest part of the test.
the hardest part of the test was the last three questions.
in each of these constructions, the subject is before the verb.

the only time when you have a reverse construction (subject after verb) is when nothing in front of the verb is eligible to be the subject.
example:
on the table are two cell phones.
here, “on the table” cannot be a subject (prepositional phrases are not allowed to be subjects), so this sentence is forced to have a reverse construction.

babybearmm

238. (GWD-4-4)

几个永远错误的形式：
(1)produce double； a doubling of;   produce a doubling

——以上摘自08语法笔记

我认为，"a doubling of" "produce a doubling" 都可能对，不能说得这么绝对
可以说：
"a doubling of X" 或者 "..., doubling X"
这里面X不能是具体名词，例如apples, students
而应该类似这样的词汇：number, amount, quantity, speed, frequency, rate (of), rates (for), price, concentration, ...    

原讨论链接
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-644021-2-1.html

如有不当请bm指正，谢谢~

huanggeyi1990

看完了  。 可能是很多人 分工写的吧，水平确实不在一个层次上。  
连 薄冰语法都拿来用了 ，比大全还大全 。

liuruijoy

错误：199题的题目解释里面，C选项“C．    两者之间的后者应该用later；”应为latter

朋克吉他

我也来占座位

aeoluseros

In little more than a decade,Argentina has become the world’s leading exporter of honey, with nearly90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going tothe United States.

A.with nearly 90,000 tons a yearsold to foreign markets, almost half of which going

B.with the sale of nearly 90,000 tons a yearto foreign markets, and almost half of it that goes

C.with the sale to foreign markets of nearly90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going

D.selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreignmarkets, and almost half of it goes

E.selling nearly 90,000 tons a yearto foreign markets, with almost half going

这里selling是不是表示伴随吗？可是前面是完成时，这是怎么回事啊？
这和笔记里面讲的不一样啊，虽然这道题不是prep里的

-- by 会员 jaze (2011/5/24 17:00:33)

能详细讲一下这道题，为什么选E吗？查了网上的帖子，讲的都不是很好，
我先说说我的看法，
首先排除B，因为and后面不是一个句子
再排除C， it没有指代，逻辑上应该指  90,000 tons， 这样就导致主谓不一致， 同理排除D
现在看看A, half of which 后面少谓语
但是这个E， 让我看的很不爽
上面都是知道答案后的，如果不知道我估计上去就排除了E， 一是以前的观念， 完成时那个，二是，我总觉着going用的不对
那东西总不能自己跑到美国吧

-- by 会员 jaze (2011/5/30 10:00:10)

个人认为selling不是做伴随，而是单纯修饰前面的名词the world’s leading exporter of honey
后半部分同不解。。。

-- by 会员 wallstreeter (2011/6/1 11:22:30)

going只是表示一个趋向，而并不表示主动性。

aeoluseros

请教LZ一个问题：
在语法笔记里2.02版本的[Prep2 1-198]的关于分词和状语从句的解释有一句话：
4) ing分词的完成时态不能充当名词的定语,必须转化为定语从句n.+ having done —》n. that…

但是同样是[Prep2 1-188]的例句中，having amassed就是分词的完成时态充当主语的定语
188. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.

我记得相关的内容是，当主句的谓语动词时态是完成时的时候，不能用分词做伴随动作或者伴随结果

是不是我对[Prep2 1-198]的解释理解的不够全面？或者是我对[Prep2 1-188]的理解不够全面？

谢谢LZ和斑竹指教

-- by 会员 balgirl (2011/6/9 4:05:48)

少打了三个字，”ing分词的完成时态不能充当名词的限制性定语,“

aeoluseros

两个typo。

1. P19，180题的选项分析E中，逻辑上指代是durable goods，而非orders（同A）。

在这里我有一个问题，不知道是不是可以顺便问一下。代词指代。我总是晕。比如这里的，them语法指代order，逻辑指代goods，那是不是代词指代的原则是，语法上总指代主语？而不是就近？

2.  86, 补充说明里，黑体字下一行，从E可以看出，... 或 than wheat does. (而不是 does wheat 吧。）

-- by 会员 achange (2011/6/13 17:35:25)

1. 代词指代看逻辑
2. 其实than wheat does和than does wheat都可以