over+时间短语 时态用法总结

yo16

今天在做题时发现over的用法有点奇怪，就搜索了一下，发现前辈们说法如下：
白勇：within/duiring/over/in the past/last/recent+时间短语   的结构要用现在完成时态
CD前辈:白勇所说的前面两组搭配任选一个，但这三个词的结构缺一不可，如果缺少中间的past/last/recent则用的不是完成时态。

通过大家的热心回答，我重新整理了一下，发现还有另一类用法的出现。但是所谓的规律都存在特例，存在特例的状况大家做题就小心为上，无论用什么规则都请以句子的逻辑含义为先，切记切记！！！

补充一下：over的词典释意有很多，但是其中只有表示 during和through的情况会影响到时态，本文总结的就是over表示此含义时的用法。

随贴附上word文档，里面有高亮关键词啊。

“over the past/last +时间短语“修饰句子谓语，表示during/through用现在完成时 （存在特例）

新prep--188. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.



新PREP--224. (GWD-12-Q13) Although energy prices have tripled in the United States over the last two years, research indicatesthat few people have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do or made fuel efficiency a priority when shopping for cars.



旧PREP—138 According to scientists at the University of Alaska, while the surface temperature of the globe has risen over the last century by about one degree Fahrenheit, the surface temperature in Alaska, Siberia, and northwestern Canada has increasedover the last thirty years by about five degrees.



大全409 In the last ten years, the dropout rate among Black high school studentshas fallen substantially, while the number of Blacks attending college has more than doubled



大全986Turkey’s economyhas grown prodigiously over the past ten years, with an average annual increase of about eight percent—one of the highest growth rates in the world.



特例：新prep--220. (GWD-24-8) The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after fallingover the last two years.



新PREP--257. (GWD6-Q30) Though subject to the same wild-animal control efforts that killed off almost all the wolves in North Americaover the past century, the coyote, because of its amazing ability to adapt to the presence of humans, has been able to expand its range into Alaska and Central America.



大全142 As U.S. nuclear attack submarines prowl their familiar haunts deep within the oceans of the world these days, they increasingly are engaged in missions far different from the tasks for which they were built and for which their crews were trained over the last forty years.



“over the past/last +时间短语“修饰句子宾语，不影响动词的时态

旧PREP2--119.After determining the levels of calcium carbonate and the types of fossilized algae present in core samples taken from the bottom of Lake Titicaca in the Andes, a group of scientists was able to reconstruct the history （of precipitation in tropical South America）over the past 25,000 years.这个句子，over the past 25,000 years修饰的是the history，自然与reconstruct这个动作无关了。



大全775 The main reasons for the phenomenal growth（of agribusiness over the last fifteen years）are elevated land prices, retail marketing networks based on produce imported from other states, and decreased competition from developers.这个也一样，over the last fifteen years 修饰的是growth，不影响后面的动词形态。





Over the next+时间短语要用将来时，will/could/would

大全726 The delinquency rates on mortgages for office buildings, hotels, shopping malls, and other commercial properties held by the nation’s insurance companieshave increasedsharply in recent months, leading to predictions that foreclosures on these types of loans could double over the next three years



大全023 Tiny quantities of more than thirty rare gases, most of them industrial by-products, threaten to warm the Earth’s atmosphere even more rapidly over the next fifty years than carbon dioxide will



大全976 Seeking to spur science education, the National Science Foundation will spend $25 million over the next ten years to promote science in elementary and secondary schools



大全976 Seeking to spur science education, the National Science Foundation will spend $25 million over the next ten years to promote science in elementary and secondary schools



大全726 The delinquency rates on mortgages for office buildings, hotels, shopping malls, and other commercial properties held by the nation’s insurance companieshave increased sharply in recent months, leading to predictions that foreclosures on these types of loans could double over the next three years



大全886 Tiny quantities of more than thirty rare gases, most of them industrial by-products, threaten to warm the Earth’s atmosphere even more rapidly over the next fifty years than carbon dioxide will



旧PREP1—164 One automobile manufacturer has announced plans to increase the average fuel efficiency of its sport utility vehicles by 25 percent over the next five years, an increase that would amount to roughly five miles per gallon and would represent the first significant change in the fuel efficiency of any class of passenger vehicle in almost two decades.



Over +时间短语，使用一般过去时（存在特例）

新PREP--210. (GWD-12-Q31) Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber her letters to anyone else.

旧PREP1—167 It is possible that, like the Volkswagen, whose unchanging exteriorover decadesconcealed many changes in its internal machinery, many prehistoric microbes evolved without significant modification of their sheaths.

新prep--208. (GWD-11-40) Scientists who studied the famous gold field known as Serra Pelada concluded that the rich lode wasproduced not by the accepted methods of ore formation but by swarms of microbes that over millions of yearsconcentrated the gold from jungle soils and rivers and rocks.（that从句修饰microbes，over修饰concentrated）



（特例）旧PREP2--72.Several educational research groups are denouncing the mayor's proposal of a system by which individual teachers would be given raises or bonuses if test scores show that their students' mastery of reading skills has improved over a nine-month period.（表during）



大全571 Archaeologists have discovered that, （over five thousand years ）ago, Mesopotamian cooks were preparing chicken with coriander and tamarind, just as Egyptian cooks are still doing today.这个句子里,over 是和 five thousand years一体的,over five thousand years ago,是说5000多年以前,而不是说持续了5000年.over不表示during

aeoluseros

嗯，感谢lz的总结~~很好的参考资料~

umm...在1楼补充一下，时态是根据逻辑意思来的，并不是因为使用某个介词就必须要什么时态。
不过倒是存在有一个倾向，比如during,in,over使用完成时态的概率依次上升，因为它们所表现出来的“直到现在这个时间点”的倾向依次递进。

yo16

谢谢版主的耐心解答！！！

maotian

不是NN，试着回答几个：
大全571  Archaeologists have discovered that, over five thousand years ago, Mesopotamian cooks were preparing chicken with coriander and tamarind, just as Egyptian cooks are still doing today.

这个句子里,over 是和 five thousand years一体的,over five thousand years ago,是说5000多年以前,而不是说持续了5000年.

旧PREP2--119.    After determining the levels of calcium carbonate and the types of fossilized algae present in core samples taken from the bottom of Lake Titicaca in the Andes, a group of scientists was able to reconstruct the history of precipitation in tropical South America over the past 25,000 years.
这个句子，over the past 25,000 years修饰的是the history，自然与reconstruct这个动作无关了。

大全775 The main reasons for the phenomenal growth of agribusiness over the last fifteen years are elevated land prices, retail marketing networks based on produce imported from other states, and decreased competition from developers.
这个也一样，over the last fifteen years 修饰的是growth，不影响后面的动词形态。

这三个都属于over修饰词组不是做句子的状语，所以对谓语没有影响。

maotian

新prep--220. (GWD-24-8) The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling over the last two years.

这个我理解：after本身就有在……之后，已经有完成之意，不需要再用完成时。请NN指点。

其他剩余的句子，我觉得就和你总结的第3类一样。

yo16

谢谢maotian的解答，我已经将您的意见编辑总结进来啦。觉得这是一种新的状况，就是OVER+PAST+时间短语，修饰句子宾语不会影响句子时态。不知道您觉得这样的分类成不成立呢？？  大谢哈！！

附上在朗文第四版查到的 since for during over的用法
WORD CHOICE: since, for, during, over
Use since to say that something started at a point in time in the past, and is still continuing : He has been living in Leeds since 1998. | We've known about it since May.
Since is usually followed by a time expression ('last year', 'this morning', '4 o'clock' etc) or by the simple past tense. Use the present perfect or the past perfect in the other clause : I have loved movies since I first went to the cinema. |He had been seriously ill since Christmas.
!! Speakers of British English usually say it is a long time/two weeks etc since ..., and speakers of American English it has been a long time/two weeks etc since ..., but both uses are correct : It's weeks (BrE)/It's been weeks (AmE) since I saw Grandma.
Use for when you state the length of time that something has been happening : We have known each other for ten years (NOT since ten years). | I had been waiting for hours (NOT since hours). |I haven't seen him for ages (NOT since ages).
During and over are used when you state the period of time in which something happens or changes : During her first year at college, she had several boyfriends. | Over the last six months, crime has doubled.

riclyme

楼主这总结太好了

Hhelloviv

感谢分享！               

xruima

感谢分享！               

淇水过过过

Mark一下！