复习到一道逻辑题，有点看不懂要干什么

王Alcal1011

Whenever a major political scandal erupts before an election and voters blame the scandal on all parties about equally, virtually all incumbents, from whatever party, seeking reelection are returned to office. However, when voters blame such a scandal on only one party, incumbents from that party are likely to be defeated by challengers from other parties. The proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant from election to election.
If the voters’ reactions are guided by a principle, which one of the following principles would best account for the contrast in reactions described above?
(A) Whenever one incumbent is responsible for one major political scandal and another incumbent is responsible for another, the consequences for the two incumbents should be the same.
(B) When a major political scandal is blamed on incumbents from all parties, that judgment is more accurate than any judgment that incumbents from only on party are to blame.
(C) Incumbents who are rightly blamed for a major political scandal should not seek reelection, but if they do, they should not be returned to office.
(D) Major political scandals can practically always be blamed on incumbents, but whether those incumbents should be voted out of office depends on who their challengers are.
(E) When major political scandals are less the responsibility of individual incumbents than of the parties to which they belong, whatever party was responsible must be penalized when possible.

答案是E

1.题干最后一句话是什么意思？
2.“If the voters’ reactions are guided by a principle, which one of the following principles would best account for the contrast in reactions described above?”
问题中有个词“contrast”,到底是问支持voter还是反对。
3.E选项是什么意思？
4.这道题怎么做

berries

题干：凡是当选民们把选举前出现的一个重大政治丑闻平均地怪罪于所有政党，那么几乎所有寻求连任的现任官员，无论来自哪个政党，都很可能赢得连任。然而，当选民们把这样一个丑闻怪罪于某个政党时，那个政党的现任官员很有可能被其他政党的挑战者打败。在现任官员中，寻求连任的比例是很高的，而且在每一届选举中都基本保持稳定。如果选民们的反应遵循某个准则，那么下述哪一个准则能最好地解释上述的反差？
(E)当一个政党需要比该政党的单个现任官员对某个重大的的政治丑闻付更多责任时，那么无论是哪个政党的责任，该政党都必须被惩罚。

I think ABCD can be easily excluded, though E is not that obvious.
Hope this helps.

zlk

同楼上，ABCD都可以排除，E其实是句废话，所以容易被忽略。这道题重点应该主要集中在党上而不是在任者，因为一个党的在任者之间没什么差别。个人理解。

s_dUSA

这题最好用排除法

taoransk

1.The proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant from election to election
在各次选举中,试图连任的在职官员的比例总是很高和明显稳定的. -.- 这句我也没明白在这里是毛意思.....有没有这句都是一样的好像,最多说明了很多在职官员都在寻求连任, 这个数值在各个选举里都占有很高比例, 恩, 也许是说明寻求连任这个行为是集体行为而不是个人行为, 因为通篇都在表述和定义政治丑闻是个集体事件.

2.“Ifthe voters’ reactions are guided by a principle, which one of thefollowing principles would best account for the contrast in reactionsdescribed above?”    
contrast是(对照中的)差异的意思, 这里说如果选民对丑闻的反应遵循某个价值观念或准则，那么下述哪一个能最好地符合上述的反差(都倒霉则连任者优胜,某群人倒霉则在职成员落败)

3.(A) Whenever oneincumbent is responsible for one major political scandal and anotherincumbent is responsible for another, the consequences for the twoincumbents should be the same.
当一个在职官员应当为一个政治丑闻负责,而另一个应为另一件负责时,这两个人的结果应当一样
(B) When a major political scandal isblamed on incumbents from all parties, that judgment is more accuratethan any judgment that incumbents from only on party are to blame.
当因为政治丑闻归咎于所有政党时, 要比针对某一个政党更正确
(C)Incumbents who are rightly blamed for a major political scandal shouldnot seek reelection, but if they do, they should not be returned tooffice.
正确的因丑闻而被责怪的在职官员不应该竞选连任,如果他们做了, 那么他们不应该赢得连任
(D) Major political scandals can practically always beblamed on incumbents, but whether those incumbents should be voted outof office depends on who their challengers are.
政治丑闻实际上可以总被归咎于在职官员,但这些在职官员是否竞选落败取决于他们的竞争对手
(E) When major politicalscandals are less the responsibility of individual incumbents than ofthe parties to which they belong, whatever party was responsible mustbe penalized when possible.
当政治丑闻归咎于某个在职官员的政党多于他个人的时候,这个党派必须被惩罚

4.只能用排除法了我看. (A)(B)都是两种结果的比较, 但是这里并不存在哪个好过另一个的情况, (C)(D)在说竞选的问题, (C)(D)说的是竞选的个人. 而唯一关于党派集体的问题是(E).
当丑闻是整体性的时候,所有政党受到责难. 如果是某一派的官员出现问题, 则是那一堆人完蛋. 并不针对个人, 而是针对他们所属集体的影响, 这个倒是说的通来着, 虽然看起来和背景叙述里并不直接挂钩, 不过的确是在叙述集体关系而不是某个人的倒台