还是based on，og12-25，28

slamshady

OG12 25 28 两题关于based on的问题

25.Based on accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, "the good goddess."

(A) Based on accounts of various ancient writers


(B) Basing it on various ancient writers' accounts


(C) With accounts of various ancient writers used for a basis


(D) By the accounts of various ancient writers they used （E）


(E) Using accounts of various ancient writers


28.Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on cultivating such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and exploiting other wild and domestic resources.

a）based on cultivating such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and exploiting

b) Based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation of

c) and basing it on the cultivation of crops like corn and beans, harvesting fish and seafood, and the exploiting of

d) and they based it on their cultivation of crops such as corn and beans, the harvest of fish and seafood, and exploiting  （D）

e) and they based it on their cultivating such crops like corn and beans, their harvest of fish and shellfish, and they explited

看了以前的帖子，发现这个问题一直没有一个很好的解释，25题based on不能修饰scholars我理解，按照这个道理28题里based on就不能修饰the Mochica，有人说修饰society，但是这里有个帖子http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-433525-1-1.html里面说了

If a participial phrase comes at the end of a sentence, a comma usually precedes the phrase if it modifies an earlier word in the sentence but not if the phrase directly follows the word it modifies.

The local residents often saw Ken wandering through the streets.
(The phrase modifies Ken, not residents.)
Tom nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her silence.
(The phrase modifies Tom, not woman.)

实在想不通为什么了。。。有哪位NN能解答吗？

slamshady

自己顶

向着美好前进

同问...

柠澈

同问。
如果based on是修饰society的话，就不需要comma分开；如果是修饰主句主语的话，就不应该是被动结构。牛牛快来~~

yawgamoth86

其實based on放在句子首 你可以把句子的主語放到他前面去 例如scholars based on accounts of various ancient writers, 這樣子句子的意思就不對了 scholars不能based on 他是動作的發出者 應該用主動，

第二題考點是平行

silent7706

很有争议的问题，我也来说说我的观点如有不足还望指出。

There is no ambiguity in the sentence that the phrase "wandering through the street" modifies "Ken". Remember the idiom "See somebody doing something?"

silent7706

The second question involves the use of modifier. In general, the noun modifier (过去分词) must precede or follow immediately after the noun it modifies. For example,
“Shocked by the bad news, Emily ate two hotdogs.” Here, “shocked” clearly modifies “Emily”
“Emily ate two hotdogs, shocked by the bad news” Here, “shocked” modifies “hotdogs”

This rule is generally followed by GMAC. Let’s also look at one example from OG.
Verbal Review 1st Ed. 91 “In theory, international civil servants at the UN are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances for their employee’s paychecks, assigned by them to the United Nations.”
OG explains “assigned by them incorrectly and illogically modifiers paychecks”

Now let’s look at the second sentence:
"Tom nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her silence.
(The phrase modifies Tom, not woman.) "

By the same token, “alarmed by her silence” modifies “the woman”, right?However, here the issue gets complicated. Because by default we know that Tom is a guy, therefore, “her” CANNOT refer back to Tom. Otherwise we will have a nonsensical sentence that reads "Tom nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her [Tom’s] silence."

Let’s change the sentence a little bit, and now it reads:
"Sarah nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her silence."

Now the noun modifier “alarmed by her silence” will unambiguously modifiers “the woman.” The sentence read “Sarah nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her [Sarah’s] silencFor this reason, I’d argue that the second sentence is an exception and that tt is not really a good example. Here is a better way to write the sentence: "Alarmed by her silence, Tom nervously watched the woman." “Alarmed by her” clearly modifies “Tom.”

So here is the catch: In general, the noun modifier (过去分词) must precede or follow immediately after the noun it modifies, as the GMAC generally follows this rule.

ozymendias

楼上精彩，分词太活用了

向着美好前进

真的讲的很好，比Purdue那个讲解适用于GMAT.

魏小妞要出国

The second question involves the use of modifier. In general, the noun modifier (过去分词) must precede or follow immediately after the noun it modifies. For example,
“Shocked by the bad news, Emily ate two hotdogs.” Here, “shocked” clearly modifies “Emily”
“Emily ate two hotdogs, shocked by the bad news” Here, “shocked” modifies “hotdogs”

This rule is generally followed by GMAC. Let’s also look at one example from OG.
Verbal Review 1st Ed. 91 “In theory, international civil servants at the UN are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances for their employee’s paychecks, assigned by them to the United Nations.”
OG explains “assigned by them incorrectly and illogically modifiers paychecks”

Now let’s look at the second sentence:
"Tom nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her silence.
(The phrase modifies Tom, not woman.) "

By the same token, “alarmed by her silence” modifies “the woman”, right?However, here the issue gets complicated. Because by default we know that Tom is a guy, therefore, “her” CANNOT refer back to Tom. Otherwise we will have a nonsensical sentence that reads "Tom nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her [Tom’s] silence."

Let’s change the sentence a little bit, and now it reads:
"Sarah nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her silence."

Now the noun modifier “alarmed by her silence” will unambiguously modifiers “the woman.” The sentence read “Sarah nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her [Sarah’s] silencFor this reason, I’d argue that the second sentence is an exception and that tt is not really a good example. Here is a better way to write the sentence: "Alarmed by her silence, Tom nervously watched the woman." “Alarmed by her” clearly modifies “Tom.”

So here is the catch: In general, the noun modifier (过去分词) must precede or follow immediately after the noun it modifies, as the GMAC generally follows this rule.

-- by 会员 silent7706 (2010/5/28 1:39:02)

太精彩了~！！分词运用真的好灵活，但是最基本的规则一定要有谱儿~