prep中的一道题：which不能指代前面的整个句子吗

小玲珑

which 引导非限制性定语从句时，只能指代前面的名词，而不能指代整个句子吗？这是GMAT的一条语法规则吗？在OG上有提到吗？

我是看了Prep1破解版的语法第58题题目：

Both weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced the central bank to intervene for the fourth time in a week.

A选项（即原题划线句）Both weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced

破解版的答案说A是错的，错误原因之一是which 不能指代前面的整个句子。真有这个规则吗？

请高人指教，多谢多谢～

dajiahaoh

童鞋，要有常识。GMAT一定要看完所有选项才能选，是矮子里拔将军的考试。怎么可以只给一个来问呢？还有，prep的解答都是乱七八糟的人写的，不是gmac写的，不可信的。你还是要拿出剩余4个选项，然后比较出来的。

另外，A显然是有点问题的。不是在which上。你看前半句啊，Both weakened by concern....and by growing...你觉得and前后平衡吗？至少要both weakened by....and done by....才对，或weakened both by... and by...。第二，第一个by后面是名词，后一个by后面是doing，也不平衡。所以A是显然不好的。问题是不是出在which上不好说，但是A肯定就按我这点就被排除掉了。你说对吗？

小玲珑

不只是这个题，还有好多类似的题，在PREP的破解版中都有说which不能指代句子，我就想知道他说的对不对。

此外，我觉得你说的另一个错误原因的一部分部分是对的，我也知道应该是Weakened both by concern about、、、and by growing fear of、、、,构成both and 的平行结构。但是growing这里相当于形容词，是修饰后面的名词fears的，所以如果改成我写的那样，就是对的平行结构。

我在学习阶段，不是最后的模考做题阶段，所以想知道每个错误选项都错在哪，为什么错。而不只是要选出正确答案而已。

谢谢～

goldwings

gmat 中which 是不能指代前面的句子的，复习两个月，还未见过反例

dajiahaoh

诶，是这样的。我要强调的是GMAT不是考语法，而是考逻辑。商学院是英语系，gmat考语法的目的是要你找出一种让别人更容易接受的表达。而且，我很建议你不要去总结gmat里面的语法，否则要中招的。prep里没有用which指代句子的，不代表不能出。只要老美用过的，就是对的。但未必是最好的。which指代句子为什么gmat里少（不是没有），是因为其不精确。像刚刚的题目，你需要让接受者想你的which是哪个理由引起的，这个force的动作到底是谁发起谁导致的，是both里面的内容还是，下滑引起的？那么就不太精确。但是，前提是，如果没有其他更加严重的语言问题时，which不够好，并不是有了which指代句子就一定错。明白吗？所以，一定要看5个选项，在选项里找暗示和做题思路。不要研究每个选项为什么对为什么错，因为正确的未必没有语法错误，错误的未必语法就不对。看似公正，但只要给听者带来理解歧义，就不是一个好的管理者，也不该有好的gmat成绩。
这题我到网上找到了原题，我谈谈我的做题思路吧，仅供参考：
Both weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced the central bank to intervene for the fourth time in a week.

(A) Both weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced
(B) Both concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and the growing fears of a rise in inflation weakened the country's currency, continuing its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced
(C) Both because it was weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a raise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing
(D) The country's currency, weakened both by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing
(E) The country's currency, weakened by both concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and growing fears of a raise in inflation, continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced

A的问题很显然both pp by noun... and by,肯定错,去掉
B。and后面多了一个the，and前没有the表示非限定，泛指，而后面多了the，表达的范围就不同了。所以一定不符合逻辑。
C。和A理由差不多
D。both and里面的结构是一致的，且句子意思也一直都是by两个东西，表达两个原因。对方很容易理解。先放着
E。both里面也可以。

那么剩下就是D，E开比

发现了which和没有which的区别，你就开始纠结了。要知道这个区别是你先把ABC排除后才发现的，不能上来就用这个区别解题来理解A为什么错。是ABC有更加严重的语法问题，无论是否有which全部枪毙。而DE之间严重问题没有了，就比较细节了，再看which的问题

D好的原因是，你看d的句子
The country's currency, weakened both by A and by B, continued..., forcing....
weakened是一个pp引导一个状语，它的发起者很清晰，只能是the country's currency。第二个动作，continued是个本句谓语，动作发起者即主语也很清晰，只能是the country's currency。forcing是个现在分词的状语，他的主语还只能是The country's currency，不可能是其他句子或状语吧，对吧。那么这句话三个动作的发起者都很清晰。
好了，看E
which forcing，你自己说，which的指代明确吗？which既可以指The country's currency也可以指几个插入状语，甚至可以指countiuned发起的主句。指代不明确。需要对方自己去想。所以D和E是D好。

但是注意了，如果没有D，就ABCE比较式E好。OK？

仅供参考，欢迎交流。Gmaters加油

杀G敬猴

童鞋，要有常识。GMAT一定要看完所有选项才能选，是矮子里拔将军的考试。怎么可以只给一个来问呢？还有，prep的解答都是乱七八糟的人写的，不是gmac写的，不可信的。你还是要拿出剩余4个选项，然后比较出来的。

-- by 会员 dajiahaoh (2010/4/11 23:04:22)

这句怎么听着这么别扭………………

如烟

诶，是这样的。我要强调的是GMAT不是考语法，而是考逻辑。商学院是英语系，gmat考语法的目的是要你找出一种让别人更容易接受的表达。而且，我很建议你不要去总结gmat里面的语法，否则要中招的。prep里没有用which指代句子的，不代表不能出。只要老美用过的，就是对的。但未必是最好的。which指代句子为什么gmat里少（不是没有），是因为其不精确。像刚刚的题目，你需要让接受者想你的which是哪个理由引起的，这个force的动作到底是谁发起谁导致的，是both里面的内容还是，下滑引起的？那么就不太精确。但是，前提是，如果没有其他更加严重的语言问题时，which不够好，并不是有了which指代句子就一定错。明白吗？所以，一定要看5个选项，在选项里找暗示和做题思路。不要研究每个选项为什么对为什么错，因为正确的未必没有语法错误，错误的未必语法就不对。看似公正，但只要给听者带来理解歧义，就不是一个好的管理者，也不该有好的gmat成绩。
这题我到网上找到了原题，我谈谈我的做题思路吧，仅供参考：
Both weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced the central bank to intervene for the fourth time in a week.

(A) Both weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced
(B) Both concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and the growing fears of a rise in inflation weakened the country's currency, continuing its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced
(C) Both because it was weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a raise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing
(D) The country's currency, weakened both by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing
(E) The country's currency, weakened by both concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and growing fears of a raise in inflation, continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced

A的问题很显然both pp by noun... and by,肯定错,去掉
B。and后面多了一个the，and前没有the表示非限定，泛指，而后面多了the，表达的范围就不同了。所以一定不符合逻辑。
C。和A理由差不多
D。both and里面的结构是一致的，且句子意思也一直都是by两个东西，表达两个原因。对方很容易理解。先放着
E。both里面也可以。

那么剩下就是D，E开比

发现了which和没有which的区别，你就开始纠结了。要知道这个区别是你先把ABC排除后才发现的，不能上来就用这个区别解题来理解A为什么错。是ABC有更加严重的语法问题，无论是否有which全部枪毙。而DE之间严重问题没有了，就比较细节了，再看which的问题

D好的原因是，你看d的句子
The country's currency, weakened both by A and by B, continued..., forcing....
weakened是一个pp引导一个状语，它的发起者很清晰，只能是the country's currency。第二个动作，continued是个本句谓语，动作发起者即主语也很清晰，只能是the country's currency。forcing是个现在分词的状语，他的主语还只能是The country's currency，不可能是其他句子或状语吧，对吧。那么这句话三个动作的发起者都很清晰。
好了，看E
which forcing，你自己说，which的指代明确吗？which既可以指The country's currency也可以指几个插入状语，甚至可以指countiuned发起的主句。指代不明确。需要对方自己去想。所以D和E是D好。

但是注意了，如果没有D，就ABCE比较式E好。OK？

仅供参考，欢迎交流。Gmaters加油

-- by 会员 dajiahaoh (2010/4/12 11:28:17)

我是想跟楼主问同样的问题的，就想知道which能不能指代整个句子，2楼说了一大堆根本没回答楼主的问题，还嫌人家没常识，我真是服了。

gege112

which 是不能指代整个句子，manhattan SC里面有。

原话是“Use WHICH only to refer to the noun immediately preceding it——never to refer to an entire clause.”

在 5th edition 的第90页 的黑粗体字~~~

xiantinghong

which应该不能指代整个句子。 二楼啊。。。刚开始初学很有必要搞清楚每个选项是怎么错的，为什么错，语法根据是什么。  没有这些基础，怎么达到你说的管理者的境界呢？

adamzjw

这个问题7楼已经答非常清楚了。在GMAT中，which不能用来指代整个前面的句子。

要达到指代整个前面的句子类似的效果，只能用“，+现在分词”作状语。