关于double和twice的用法讨论(翻遍帖子仍有一个问题)让人崩溃的问题.....

aeoluseros

引用stucash的帖子重新总结下

恩恩确实double和twice有区别的; 非常赞成你说的前者不能做定语后者可以.
这样一来, 最后那个twice做副词引导状语从句就基本没什么问题. 就等NN来看看确定一下了.而前面double的用法也清晰了, 做同位语, 或者定语.

现在基本上double和twice的用法都清晰了.

关于twice用法;
twice只做副词和限定词，因此twice引导的部分在句子中充当什么角色由twice后面的成分决定.
1.1twice做副词，后面接形容词和副词：
#1. Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces twice as many apples as it did in 1910.
#2. 如A does B, twice as..as，因为as...as...是形容词就近修饰B，即as...as...本身是同位语修饰词，所以twice as...as...就是同位修饰语(appositive modifier);
1.2 twice做限定词, 后面接名词性成分：
#1. In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearly twice what it was in the 1970’s.
#2. In 1914 a total of 469,000 cars and trucks were produced in the United States, but in 1929 almost twice that number of trucks alone came off the assembly lines.
#3. American productivity is declining in relation to Europe’s; the energy expended per unit of production in the United States is as much as twice that expended in West Germany.
#4. According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, twice the number reported in the 1977 survey.
1.3 其他注意点:    Twice做副词, 可以跟在动词后面, think twice;

关于double用法;
2.1    double可以是名词, 动词(vi&vt), 形容词, 副词, 限定词;
2.2    double做限定词时用法与twice相同
2.3    double跟在动词后面做副词，用法同twice (see double) --> double 做副词就这么一个用法，比twice单调;
2.4    没有double as…as只有twice as…as;
2.5    做形容词, 应该是the double price 或者 a double amount, 注意冠词在前;
2.6    做动词, 可以及物, 比如A doubles its size to…; 或者不及物, 比如 A doubles in size.

Double 和 twice 都要注意, 做同位语有时紧靠修饰词,有时被分隔保持句子平衡, 如：
1. According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, twice the number reported in the 1977 survey. 这里twice the number跳过used cocaine in 1979.
------->即同位语可以跳过比较短的句子成分修饰到主句主语上去:
1. the whole truth came out that he is a bad guy. 这里 that从句跳过came out 做whole truth的同位语.

夜色微蓝

哇塞，……………………，摘下来，对照实题，慢慢消化

vkoa

太感谢了，总算是看懂了这个知识点，以后再遇到就不怕啦~~

hattiehh

ding!

Thyrod

斑竹，这里说点我个人的意见
1）twice用法：twice as ... as； twice + 名词；twice + what 从句
                       无论怎么用，其核心都是修饰名词的，而不会修饰动作，所以要稍留意前后的名词匹配问题。
2）double用法：double + 名词；double + what从句
                           这两种用法和上面的twice是一样的，也要留意名词匹配问题

                          如果 double作为动词用，有时候表现为doubling，就是用来修饰动词了，就会自由很多，不会像名词修饰语那么受约束了。

现在对三个题发表下个人见解：
4. A survey by the National Council of Churches showed that in 1986 there were 20,736 female ministers, almost 9 percent of the nation’s clergy, twice as much as 1977.
A. twice as much as 1977
B. twice as many as 1977
C. double what it was in 1977
D. double the figure for 1977  （figure和20,736 female ministers对应，正确，但是可能这里用number比较好，个人见解）
E. a number double that of 1977's

The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year.

a. doubling the increase of  （因为逻辑意思上比较跳跃，后面的increase和前面的哪个名词对都不上，所以用doubling，修饰rose）
b. doubling that of the increase in
c. double as much as the increase of
d. twice as many as the increase in
e. twice as many as the increase of

According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of
young adults used cocaine in 1979, doubling those reported in the 1977 survey.
(A) doubling those reported in the 1977 survey
(B) to double the number the 1977 survey reported
(C) twice those the 1977 survey reported
(D) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey
(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey
我同意Ron的说法，E虽然是答案，但是也是有问题的，我觉得好的表达是twice the figure reported in the 1977 survey，因为前面是20%嘛，用figure比较对应。
如果(A) 改成doubling the number reported in the 1977 survey，我觉得不能算大错，但是有点怪。因为这里的动词是used，用doubling来修饰感觉不太顺；不像上一题的动词是rose，有doubling就非常贴切。

个人见解，希望斑竹指正......

aeoluseros

同意Thyrod的个人意见，不过对三个题目的理解略有异议，欢迎继续讨论:
1.figure常用语统计数据，在第一题里用figure没有问题. (figure和number语法上是Interchangeable的，逻辑上可能还figure更加有针对性一点。)
2.细节上讲，doubling并非修饰rose(因为如果理解为doubling修饰rose，那么因为rose的逻辑主语是The number of people，doubling就成了The number of people的动作了，逻辑不合理)，而是修饰前面整个分句，doubling引导结果状语，无逻辑主语.
2.第三题的number可以仅指代20，不包括后面的Percent.

ps: 一个月不来有些手生，或有纰漏，望不吝指出。

Thyrod

同意上面版主所讲的，再总结一下（请版主有空确认一下）
1）double非动词用法的时候同twice（同时要注意作为名词修饰语时的前后逻辑对称性）：
twice/double as ... as； twice/double+the+N.； twice+what从句；twice/double+that/those+修饰成分？
2）double动词，doubling短语作状语时比较自由，可以把前句整句表达的逻辑意思和doubling后面的内容对比。

另外，是否有twice+that/those+修饰成分的用法？Prep1 #202里面有用。

ddswendy

1.2 twice做限定词, 后面接名词性成分：
#1. In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearly twice what it was in the 1970’s.
#2. In 1914 a total of 469,000 cars and trucks were produced in the United States, but in 1929 almost twice that number of trucks alone came off the assembly lines.
#3. American productivity is declining in relation to Europe’s; the energy expended per unit of production in the United States is as much as twice that expended in West Germany.

关于上面的第三个例句，这里的twice应该是副词而不是限定词吧？twice做限定词的时候，后面不能直接跟不可数名词，而此句的that是指代energy这个不可数名词。
另外，此句去掉twice变为: the energy expended per unit of production in the United States is as much as that expended in West Germany.因此可以看出twice在这里是作为副词修饰much。

dreamistrue

再看另外两道题;
The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year.

a.
b. doubling that of the increase in
c. double as much as the increase of
d. twice as many as the increase in
e. twice as many as the increase of
答案是A. 一个叫RON的人, 活跃于MHT论坛(MHT GMAT的instructor, GMAT800), BEATGMAT论坛的牛人, 解释D,E错误是因为 twice as ...as是同位语, 必须要修饰前面的名词, 而这里没有.所以错误.(当然, 他也说了更明显的就是many错了)
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不是修饰前面的名词，而是修饰前面的figure，就是具体的quantity（数字），RON给了2个例子，
Ifyou're going to say COMMA + "twice as many as...", then that'sincorrect unless there's actually a quantity in front of the comma.
e.g.  last year i read 40 books, twice as many as iread in the preceding year  --> correct
last year the number of books i read increased dramatically, twice as manyas i read in the preceding year --> incorrect

dreamistrue

第2道题还涉及到一个increase in 和of的区别： ron是这么解释的。 "the increase in X" means that X itself has increased. therefore, "the increase in the previous year" doesn't make sense, because the implication would be that the previous year itself had increased (what would that possibly mean?).

"the increase of TIME PERIOD", by contrast, means exactly what it should mean in this particular instance.